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Sequence Transpositions Restore Genes on the HighlyDegenerated W Chromosomes of Songbirds
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1680-6861
2020 (English)In: Genes, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 11, article id 1267Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The female-specific W chromosomes of most Neognathae birds are highly degenerated and gene-poor. Previous studies have demonstrated that the gene repertoires of the Neognathae bird W chromosomes, despite being in small numbers, are conserved across bird species, likely due to purifying selection maintaining the regulatory and dosage-sensitive genes. Here we report the discovery of DNA-based sequence duplications from the Z to the W chromosome in birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae, Passeriformes), through sequence transposition. The original transposition involved nine genes, but only two of them (ANXA1 and ALDH1A1) survived on the W chromosomes. Both ANXA1 and ALDH1A1 are predicted to be dosage-sensitive, and the expression of ANXA1 is restricted to ovaries in all the investigated birds. These analyses suggest the newly transposed gene onto the W chromosomes can be favored for their role in restoring dosage imbalance or through female-specific selection. After examining seven additional songbird genomes, we further identified five other transposed genes on the W chromosomes of Darwin’s finches and one in the great tit, expanding the observation of the Z-to-W transpositions to a larger range of bird species, but not all transposed genes exhibit dosage-sensitivity or ovary-biased expression We demonstrate a new mechanism by which the highly degenerated W chromosomes of songbirds can acquire genes from the homologous Z chromosomes, but further functional investigations are needed to validate the evolutionary forces underlying the transpositions

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2020. Vol. 11, article id 1267
National Category
Natural Sciences
Research subject
Ecosystems and species history
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-4077OAI: oai:DiVA.org:nrm-4077DiVA, id: diva2:1511315
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 621-2014-5113Available from: 2020-12-18 Created: 2020-12-18 Last updated: 2024-07-04Bibliographically approved

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https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111267

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