Although its geology is dominated by pre-Cambrian crystalline rocks, Sweden’s palaeobotanical research output is substantial. Over 150 years of dedicated research has yielded several hundred papers on Sweden’s palaeobotanical and palynological heritage spanning much of the geological column. Studies have targeted all categories of plant and protist remains from Proterozoic microfossils to Quaternary woods, and marine microplankton to animal-plant interactions, and fossil microbes of the deep biosphere. Sweden is particularly renowned for its research on Proterozoic–Cambrian carbonaceous microfossils, Triassic-Jurassic floras, Santonian–Campanian (Late Cretaceous) charcoalified, mummified, adpression and permineralized angiosperms and gymnosperms, and Quaternary high-latitude spore-pollen records. Although a vast body of work has been carried out on these floras, there is great potential for further work on all these assemblages with regard to fossil plant systematics, biostratigraphy, biogeography, plant-animal-fungal interactions, and palaeoclimate/palaeoenvironmental research.