The tribe Townesilitini (Braconidae, Euphorinae) includes the genera Townesilitus, Streblocera, Marshiella and Prochlithrophorus. In Sweden this tribe is represented by the genera Townesilitus and Streblocera. This paper explores the taxonomy of the genus Townesilitus in Sweden. One new species is described from Sweden, Townesilitus oelandicus sp. nov. and the species T. aemulus (Ruthe, 1856) is recorded for the first time for Sweden. All five Swedish species, T. aemulus (Ruthe, 1856), T. bicolor (Wesmael, 1835), T. deceptor (Wesmael, 1835), T. fulviceps (Ruthe, 1856) and T. oelandicus, are diagnosed both mor- phologically and molecularly. A key for the identification of these species is provided and a phylogenetic tree is presented as well as information on distribution and phenology for all ve species occurring in Sweden.