Pichonia munzingeri Gâteblé & Swenson (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is here described from the southern ultrama c massif of Grande Terre, New Caledonia. It is a micro-endemic species con ned to a small area along Oumbéa Creek in La Coulée Valley of Mont-Dore. Based on nuclear ribosomal sequence data, areolate higher leaf venation, staminodes, stamens in corolla tube ori ce, and seeds having plano-convex cotyledons, no endosperm, and no radicle, this new species is placed in Pichonia Pierre. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis places Pichonia munzingeri as the sister species to all other congeners in New Caledonia, which justi es a high conservation status from the authorities for protecting the species. Less than 50 individuals have been counted in an area a ected by the major “Montagne des Sources” anthropogenic re in late 2005. Hence, repeated res form the main threat to the existence of this new species, and it is assigned an IUCN Red List preliminary status as “Critically Endangered”.