Change search
Refine search result
1 - 32 of 32
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Ammar, Yosr
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Sköld, Martin
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research. Stockholm University.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Long-term dataset for contaminants in fish, mussels, and bird eggs from the Baltic Sea2024In: Scientific Data, E-ISSN 2052-4463, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Widespread persistent contaminants are a global environmental problem. In the Baltic Sea, wildlife contamination was first noticed in the 1960s, prompting the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency to establish a comprehensive Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota (MCoM) in 1978 run by the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Eight species have been analysed, four fish species (Atlantic herring, Atlantic cod, European perch, viviparous eelpout), one bivalve species (blue mussel), and egg from three bird species (common guillemot, common tern, Eurasian oystercatcher). Here, we present a dataset containing MCoM data from its start until 2021. It includes 36 sets of time-series, each analysed for more than 100 contaminants. The longest time-series is for common guillemot and starts in 1968. We describe the structure of MCoM including historic changes to the number of stations, sample treatment, analytical methods, instruments, and laboratories. The MCoM data is available at the Bolin Centre repository and on GitHub through our R package mcomDb. The latter will be updated yearly with new MCoM records.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2. Bieser, Johannes
    et al.
    Amptmeijer, David J.
    Daewel, Ute
    Kuss, Joachim
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Schrum, Corinna
    The 3D biogeochemical marine mercury cycling model MERCY v2.0 – linking atmospheric Hg to methylmercury in fish2023In: Geoscientific Model Development, ISSN 1991-959X, E-ISSN 1991-9603, Vol. 16, no 9, p. 2649-2688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant of global concern. Due to anthropogenic emissions, the atmospheric and surface ocean Hg burden has increased substantially since preindustrial times. Hg emitted into the atmosphere gets transported on a global scale and ultimately reaches the oceans. There it is transformed into highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg) that effectively accumulates in the food web. The international community has recognized this serious threat to human health and in 2017 regulated Hg use and emissions under the UN Minamata Convention on Mercury. Currently, the first effectiveness evaluation of the Minamata Convention is being prepared, and, in addition to observations, models play a major role in understanding environmental Hg pathways and in predicting the impact of policy decisions and external drivers (e.g., climate, emission, and land-use change) on Hg pollution. Yet, the available model capabilities are mainly limited to atmospheric models covering the Hg cycle from emission to deposition. With the presented model MERCY v2.0 we want to contribute to the currently ongoing effort to improve our understanding of Hg and MeHg transport, transformation, and bioaccumulation in the marine environment with the ultimate goal of linking anthropogenic Hg releases to MeHg in seafood.

    Here, we present the equations and parameters implemented in the MERCY model and evaluate the model performance for two European shelf seas, the North and Baltic seas. With the model evaluation, we want to establish a set of general quality criteria that can be used for evaluation of marine Hg models. The evaluation is based on statistical criteria developed for the performance evaluation of atmospheric chemistry transport models. We show that the MERCY model can reproduce observed average concentrations of individual Hg species in water (normalized mean bias: HgT 17 %, Hg0 2 %, MeHg −28 %) in the two regions mentioned above. Moreover, it is able to reproduce the observed seasonality and spatial patterns. We find that the model error for HgT(aq) is mainly driven by the limitations of the physical model setup in the coastal zone and the availability of data on Hg loads in major rivers. In addition, the model error in calculating vertical mixing and stratification contributes to the total HgT model error. For the vertical transport we find that the widely used particle partitioning coefficient for organic matter of log(kd)=5.4 is too low for the coastal systems. For Hg0 the model performance is at a level where further model improvements will be difficult to achieve. For MeHg, our understanding of the processes controlling methylation and demethylation is still quite limited. While the model can reproduce average MeHg concentrations, this lack of understanding hampers our ability to reproduce the observed value range. Finally, we evaluate Hg and MeHg concentrations in biota and show that modeled values are within the range of observed levels of accumulation in phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. The model performance demonstrates the feasibility of developing marine Hg models with similar predictive capability to established atmospheric chemistry transport models. Our findings also highlight important knowledge gaps in the dynamics controlling methylation and bioaccumulation that, if closed, could lead to important improvements of the model performance.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Bieser et al 2023
  • 3.
    Bouchet, Sylvain
    et al.
    Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau 64000, France.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Björn, Erik
    Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.
    Tessier, Emmanuel
    Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau 64000, France.
    Amouroux, David
    Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau 64000, France.
    Mercury Sources and Fate in a Large Brackish Ecosystem (the Baltic Sea) Depicted by Stable Isotopes2023In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Identifying Hg sources to aquatic ecosystems and processes controlling the levels of monomethylmercury (MMHg) is critical for developing efficient policies of Hg emissions reduction. Here we measured Hg concentrations and stable isotopes in sediment, seston, and fishes from the various basins of the Baltic Sea, a large brackish ecosystem presenting extensive gradients in salinity, redox conditions, dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, and biological activities. We found that Hg mass dependent fractionation (Hg-MDF) values in sediments mostly reflect a mixing between light terrestrial Hg and heavier industrial sources, whereas odd Hg isotope mass independent fractionation (odd Hg-MIF) reveals atmospheric inputs. Seston presents intermediate Hg-MDF and odd Hg-MIF values falling between sediments and fish, but in northern basins, high even Hg-MIF values suggest the preferential accumulation of wet-deposited Hg. Odd Hg-MIF values in fish indicate an overall low extent of MMHg photodegradation due to limited sunlight exposure and penetration but also reveal large spatial differences. The photodegradation extent is lowest in the central basin with recurrent algal blooms due to their shading effect and is highest in the northern, least saline basin with high concentrations of terrestrial DOM. As increased loads of terrestrial DOM are expected in many coastal areas due to global changes, its impact on MMHg photodegradation needs to be better understood and accounted for when predicting future MMHg concentrations in aquatic ecosystems.

  • 4.
    Campeau, Audrey
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära. Depatment of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Eklöf, Karin
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Åkerblom, Staffan
    Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB), Statistic Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Yuan, Shengliu
    Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
    Hintelmann, Holger
    Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
    Bieroza, Magdalena
    Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Köhler, Stephan
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Zdanowicz, Christian
    Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Geovetenskapliga sektionen, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära.
    Sources of riverine mercury across the Mackenzie River Basin; inferences from a combined Hg C isotopes and optical properties approach2022In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 806, p. 150808-150808, article id 150808Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Arctic terrestrial environment harbors a complex mosaic of mercury (Hg) and carbon (C) reservoirs, some of which are rapidly destabilizing in response to climate warming. The sources of riverine Hg across the Mackenzie River basin (MRB) are uncertain, which leads to a poor understanding of potential future release. Measurements of dissolved and particulate mercury (DHg, PHg) and carbon (DOC, POC) concentration were performed, along with analyses of Hg stable isotope ratios (incl. ∆199Hg, d202Hg), radiocarbon content (∆14C) and optical properties of DOC of river water. Isotopic ratios of Hg revealed a closer association to terrestrial Hg reservoirs for the particulate fraction, while the dissolved fraction was more closely associated with atmospheric deposition sources of shorter turnover time. There was a positive correlation between the ∆14C-OC and riverine Hg concentration for both particulate and dissolved fractions, indicating that waters transporting older-OC (14C-depleted) also contained higher levels of Hg. In the dissolved fraction, older DOC was also associated with higher molecular weight, aromaticity and humic content, which are likely associated with higher Hg-binding potential. Riverine PHg concentration increased with turbidity and SO4 concentration. There were large contrasts in Hg concentration and OC age and quality among the mountain and lowland sectors of the MRB, which likely reflect the spatial distribution of various terrestrial Hg and OC reservoirs, including weathering of sulfate minerals, erosion and extraction of coal deposits, thawing permafrost, forest fires, peatlands, and forests. Results revealed major differences in the sources of particulate and dissolved riverine Hg, but nonetheless a common positive association with older riverine OC. These findings reveal that a complex mixture of Hg sources, supplied across the MRB, will contribute to future trends in Hg export to the Arctic Ocean under rapid environmental changes.

  • 5.
    Campeau, Aydrey
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Martma, T
    Tallinn University of Technology.
    Åkeblom, Staffan
    Statistic Sweden.
    Zdanowicz, Christian
    Uppsala University.
    Controls on the 14C Content of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon Mobilized Across the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada2020In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, ISSN 0886-6236, E-ISSN 1944-9224, Vol. 34, no 12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) delivers large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean, with significant implications for the global C budgets and ocean biogeochemistry. The amount and properties of OC in the Mackenzie River's delta have been well monitored in the last decade, but the spatial variability in OC sources transported by its different tributaries is still unclear. Here we present new data on the radiocarbon (14C) content of dissolved and particulate OC (Δ14C‐DOC and Δ14C‐POC) across the mainstem and major tributaries of the MRB, comprising 19 different locations, to identify factors controlling spatial patterns in riverine OC sources. The Δ14C‐DOC and Δ14C‐POC varied across a large range, from −179.9‰ to 62.9‰, and −728.8‰ to −9.0‰, respectively. Our data reveal a positive spatial coupling between the Δ14C of DOC and POC across the MRB, whereby the most 14C‐depleted waters were issued from the mountainous west bank of the MRB. This 14C‐depleted DOC and POC likely originates from a combination of petrogenic sources, connected with the presence of kerogens in the bedrock, and biogenic sources, mobilized by thawing permafrost. Our analysis also reveals intriguing relationships between Δ14C of DOC and POC with turbidity, water stable isotope ratio and catchment elevation, indicating that hydrology and geomorphology are key to understanding riverine OC sources in this landscape. A closer examination of the specific mechanisms giving rise to these relationships is recommended. For now, this study provides a road map of the key OC sources in this rapidly changing river basin.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Campeau et al 2020
  • 6.
    Capo, Eric
    et al.
    Umeå University, Department of Chemistry.
    Bravo, Andrea G.
    Institut de Ciències del Mar.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Bertilsson, Stefan
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnaeus University, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems.
    Feng, Caiyan
    Umeå University, Department of Chemistry.
    Andersson, Anders F.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology.
    Buck, Moritz
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment.
    Björn, Erik
    Umeå University, Department of Chemistry.
    Deltaproteobacteria andSpirochaetes-Like Bacteria AreAbundant Putative MercuryMethylators in Oxygen-DeficientWater and Marine Particles in theBaltic Sea2020In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, p. 1-11, article id 574080Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxic compound biomagnifying in aquatic food webs, can be a threat to human health via fish consumption. However, the compositionand distribution of the microbial communities mediating the methylation of mercury (Hg) to MeHg in marine systems remain largely unknown. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we used the Baltic Sea Reference Metagenome (BARM) dataset to study the abundance and distribution of the genes involved in Hg methylation (the hgcAB gene cluster). We determined the relative abundance of the hgcAB genes and their taxonomic identity in 81 brackish metagenomes that cover spatial,seasonal and redox variability in the Baltic Sea water column. The hgcAB genes were predominantly detected in anoxic water, but some hgcAB genes were alsodetected in hypoxic and normoxic waters. Phylogenetic analysis identified putative Hg methylators within Deltaproteobacteria, in oxygen-deficient water layers, but also Spirochaetes-like and Kiritimatiellaeota-like bacteria. Higher relative quantities of hgcAB genes were found in metagenomes from marine particles compared to free-living communities in anoxic water, suggesting that such particles are hotspot habitats for Hg methylators in oxygen-depleted seawater. Altogether, our work unveils the diversityof the microorganisms with the potential to mediate MeHg production in the BalticSea and pinpoint the important ecological niches for these microorganisms within themarine water column.

  • 7.
    Capo, Eric
    et al.
    Department of Chemistry Umeå University Umeå Sweden;Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment SLU Uppsala Uppsala Sweden.
    Broman, Elias
    Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden;Baltic Sea Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.
    Bonaglia, Stefano
    Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden;Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
    Bravo, Andrea G.
    Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Barcelona Spain.
    Bertilsson, Stefan
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment SLU Uppsala Uppsala Sweden.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems ‐ EEMiS Linnaeus University Kalmar Sweden.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems ‐ EEMiS Linnaeus University Kalmar Sweden.
    Buck, Moritz
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment SLU Uppsala Uppsala Sweden.
    Hall, Per O. J.
    Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
    Nascimento, Francisco J. A.
    Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden;Baltic Sea Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden.
    Björn, Erik
    Department of Chemistry Umeå University Umeå Sweden.
    Oxygen‐deficient water zones in the Baltic Sea promote uncharacterized Hg methylating microorganisms in underlying sediments2022In: Limnology and Oceanography, ISSN 0024-3590, E-ISSN 1939-5590, Vol. 67, p. 135-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human-induced expansion of oxygen-deficient zones can have dramatic impacts on marine systems and itsresident biota. One example is the formation of the potent neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) that is mediated bymicrobial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) under oxygen-deficient conditions. A negative consequenceof the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones could be an increase in MeHg production due to shifts in microbialcommunities in favor of microorganisms methylating Hg. There is, however, limited knowledge about Hg-methylatingmicrobes, i.e., those carrying hgc genes critical for mediating the process, from marine sediments. Here, weaim to study the presence of hgc genes and transcripts in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes from four surfacesediments with contrasting concentrations of oxygen and sulfide in the Baltic Sea. We show that potential Hgmethylators differed among sediments depending on redox conditions. Sediments with an oxygenated surface featuredhgc-like genes and transcripts predominantly associated with uncultured Desulfobacterota (OalgD group)and Desulfobacterales (including Desulfobacula sp.) while sediments with a hypoxic-anoxic surface included hgccarryingVerrucomicrobia, unclassified Desulfobacterales, Desulfatiglandales, and uncharacterized microbes. Ourdata suggest that the expansion of oxygen-deficient zones in marine systems may lead to a compositional changeof Hg-methylating microbial groups in the sediments, where Hg methylators whose metabolism and biology havenot yet been characterized will be promoted and expand.

  • 8.
    Capo, Eric
    et al.
    Umeå University.
    Caiyan, Feng
    Umeå University.
    Bravo, Andrea G.
    Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC).
    Bertilsson, Stefan
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Pinhassi, Jarone
    Linnaeus University.
    Buck, Moritz
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,.
    Karlsson, Camilla
    Linnaeus University.
    Hawkes, Jeffrey
    Uppsala University.
    Björn, Erik
    Umeå University.
    Expression Levels of hgcAB Genes and Mercury Availability Jointly Explain Methylmercury Formation in Stratified Brackish Waters2022In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) is formed by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent Hg (HgII) and constitutes severe environmental and human health risks. The methylation is enabled by hgcA and hgcB genes, but it is not known if the associated molecular-level processes are rate-limiting or enable accurate prediction of MeHg formation in nature. In this study, we investigated the relationships between hgc genes and MeHg across redox-stratified water columns in the brackish Baltic Sea. We showed, for the first time, that hgc transcript abundance and the concentration of dissolved HgII-sulfide species were strong predictors of both the HgII methylation rate and MeHg concentration, implying their roles as principal joint drivers of MeHg formation in these systems. Additionally, we characterized the metabolic capacities of hgc+ microorganisms by reconstructing their genomes from metagenomes (i.e., hgc+ MAGs), which highlighted the versatility of putative HgII methylators in the water column of the Baltic Sea. In establishing relationships between hgc transcripts and the HgII methylation rate, we advance the fundamental understanding of mechanistic principles governing MeHg formation in nature and enable refined predictions of MeHg levels in coastal seas in response to the accelerating spread of oxygen-deficient zones.

  • 9.
    Danielsson, Sara
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Soerensen, Anne L
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    The Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota (until 2018 year’s data) - Temporal trends and spatial variations2020Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Report
    Download (pdf)
    appendix
  • 10. Dastoor, Ashu
    et al.
    Angot, Hélène
    Bieser, Johannes
    Christensen, Jesper H.
    Douglas, Thomas A.
    Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
    Jiskra, Martin
    Mason, Robert P.
    McLagan, David S.
    Obrist, Daniel
    Outridge, Peter M.
    Petrova, Mariia V.
    Ryjkov, Andrei
    St. Pierre, Kyra A.
    Schartup, Amina T.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Toyota, Kenjiro
    Travnikov, Oleg
    Wilson, Simon J.
    Zdanowicz, Christian
    Arctic mercury cycling2022In: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, E-ISSN 2662-138XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions have driven marked increases in Arctic Hg levels, which are now being impacted by regional warming, with uncertain ecological consequences. This Review presents a comprehensive assessment of the present-day total Hg mass balance in the Arctic. Over 98% of atmospheric Hg is emitted outside the region and is transported to the Arctic via long-range air and ocean transport. Around two thirds of this Hg is deposited in terrestrial ecosystems, where it predominantly accumulates in soils via vegetation uptake. Rivers and coastal erosion transfer about 80 Mg year−1 of terrestrial Hg to the Arctic Ocean, in approximate balance with modelled net terrestrial Hg deposition in the region. The revised Arctic Ocean Hg mass balance suggests net atmospheric Hg deposition to the ocean and that Hg burial in inner-shelf sediments is underestimated (up to >100%), needing seasonal observations of sediment-ocean Hg exchange. Terrestrial Hg mobilization pathways from soils and the cryosphere (permafrost, ice, snow and glaciers) remain uncertain. Improved soil, snowpack and glacial Hg inventories, transfer mechanisms of riverine Hg releases under accelerated glacier and soil thaw, coupled atmosphere–terrestrial modelling and monitoring of Hg in sensitive ecosystems such as fjords can help to anticipate impacts on downstream Arctic ecosystems.

  • 11. Dastoor, Ashu
    et al.
    Wilson, Simon
    Bieser, Johannes
    Muntean, Marilena
    McLagan, David
    Steenhuisen, Frits
    Angot, Hélèn
    Dibble, Theodore
    Mao, Huiting
    Mason, Robert
    Obrist, Daniel
    Ryjkov, Andrei
    Thackray, Colin
    Travnikov, Oleg
    Zhang, Leming
    Christensen, Jesper
    DiMento, Brian
    Douglas, Thomas A.
    Jiskra, Martin
    Kirk, Jane
    Muir, Derek C.G.
    Roberts, Sarah
    Skov, Henrik
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Toyota, Kenjiro
    Zhang, Yanxu
    Outridge, Peter
    St. Pierre, Kyra
    Zdanowicz, Christian
    Mu, Cuicui
    Sonke, Jeroen
    Trochim, Erin
    Zhang, Tingjun
    Nerentorp Mastromonaco, Michelle
    Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
    Petrova, Mariia
    Lamborg, Carl
    Schartup, Amina T.
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
    Changes in Arctic mercury levels: emissions sources, pathways and accumulation.2021In: AMAP Assessment 2021: Mercury in the Arctic / [ed] AMAP, Tromsø, Norway: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, 2021, p. 63-122Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Översyn av krav på miljögiftsövervakning för de stora sjöarna2021Report (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Gorokhova, Elena
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science.
    Motwani, Nisha H.
    Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science.
    Mercury-methylating bacteria are associatedwith copepods: A proof-of-principle survey inthe Baltic Sea2020In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that biomagnifies in marine food webs. Inorganicmercury (Hg) methylation is conducted by heterotrophic bacteria inhabiting sedimentor settling detritus, but endogenous methylation by the gut microbiome of animals in thelower food webs is another possible source. We examined the occurrence of the bacterialgene (hgcA), required for Hg methylation, in the guts of dominant zooplankters in the NorthernBaltic Sea. A qPCR assay targeting the hgcA sequence in three main clades (Deltaproteobacteria,Firmicutes and Archaea) was used in the field-collected specimens ofcopepods (Acartia bifilosa, Eurytemora affinis, Pseudocalanus acuspes and Limnocalanusmacrurus) and cladocerans (Bosmina coregoni maritima and Cercopagis pengoi). All copepodswere found to carry hgcA genes in their gut microbiome, whereas no amplification wasrecorded in the cladocerans. In the copepods, hgcA genes belonging to only Deltaproteobacteriaand Firmicutes were detected. These findings suggest a possibility that endogenousHg methylation occurs in zooplankton and may contribute to seasonal, spatial andvertical MeHg variability in the water column and food webs. Additional molecular and metagenomicsstudies are needed to identify bacteria carrying hgcA genes and improve theirquantification in microbiota.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14. Haque, Faiz
    et al.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Sköld, Martin
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Awad, Raed
    Spaan, Kyra M
    Lauria, Mélanie Z
    Plassmann, Merle
    Benskin, Jonathan P.
    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in white-tailed sea eagle eggs from Sweden: Temporal trends (1969-2021), spatial variations, fluorine mass balance, and suspect screening2023In: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, ISSN 2050-7887, E-ISSN 2050-7895Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Temporal and spatial trends of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in white-tailed sea eagle (WTSE) eggs (Haliaeetus albicilla) from two inland and two coastal regions of Sweden between 1969 and 2021. PFAS concentrations generally increased from ∼1969 to ∼1990s–2010 (depending on target and site) and thereafter plateaued or declined, with perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) declining faster than most perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). The net result was a shift in the PFAS profile from PFOS-dominant in 1969–2010 to an increased prevalence of PFCAs over the last decade. Further, during the entire period higher PFAS concentrations were generally observed in coastal populations, possibly due to differences in diet and/or proximity to more densely populated areas. Fluorine mass balance determination in pooled samples from three of the regions (2019–2021) indicated that target PFAS accounted for the vast majority (i.e. 81–100%) of extractable organic fluorine (EOF). Nevertheless, high resolution mass-spectrometry-based suspect screening identified 55 suspects (31 at a confidence level [CL] of 1–3 and 24 at a CL of 4–5), of which 43 were substances not included in the targeted analysis. Semi-quantification of CL ≤ 2 suspects increased the identified EOF to >90% in coastal samples. In addition to showing the impact of PFAS regulation and phase-out initiatives, this study demonstrates that most extractable organofluorine in WTSE eggs is made up of known (legacy) PFAS, albeit with low levels of novel substances.

  • 15.
    Kim, Jihee
    et al.
    School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Jeong, Hakwon
    School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
    Jeong, Seorin
    School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
    Kim, Eunsuk
    School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
    Lee, Yung Mi
    Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
    Jin, Young Keun
    Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
    Rhee, Tae Siek
    Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
    Hong, Jong Kuk
    Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
    Han, Seunghee
    School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
    Cross-shelf processes of terrigenous organic matter drive mercury speciation on the east siberian shelf in the Arctic Ocean2024In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 343, no 14, p. 123270-123270, article id 123270Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Osterwalder, Stefan
    et al.
    Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Nerentorp, M
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Zhu, W
    Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Jiskra, Martin
    Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
    Nilsson, E
    Department of Earth Sciences, Air, Water and Landscape Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Rutgersson, Anna
    Department of Earth Sciences, Air, Water and Landscape Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Sommar, Jonas
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
    Wallin, M.B.
    Department of Earth Sciences, Air, Water and Landscape Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wängberg, I
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bishop, Kevin
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Critical Observations of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Air-Sea Exchange2021In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, ISSN 0886-6236, E-ISSN 1944-9224, Vol. 35, no 8, article id e2020GB006742Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Air-sea exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) is not well constrained, even though it is a major component of the global Hg cycle. Lack of Hg0 flux measurements to validate parameterizations of the Hg0 transfer velocity contributes to this uncertainty. We measured the Hg0 flux on the Baltic Sea coast using micrometeorological methods (gradient-based and relaxed eddy accumulation [REA]) and also simulated the flux with a gas exchange model. The coastal waters were typically supersaturated with Hg0 (mean ± 1σ = 13.5 ± 3.5 ng m−3; ca. 10% of total Hg) compared to the atmosphere (1.3 ± 0.2 ng m−3). The Hg0 flux calculated using the gas exchange model ranged from 0.1–1.3 ng m−2 h−1 (10th and 90th percentile) over the course of the campaign (May 10–June 20, 2017) and showed a distinct diel fluctuation. The mean coastal Hg0 fluxes determined with the two gradient-based approaches and REA were 0.3, 0.5, and 0.6 ng m−2 h−1, respectively. In contrast, the mean open sea Hg0 flux measured with REA was larger (6.3 ng m−2 h−1). The open sea Hg0 flux indicated a stronger wind speed dependence for the Hg0 transfer velocity compared to commonly used parameterizations. Although based on a limited data set, we suggest that the wind speed dependence of the Hg0 transfer velocity is more consistent with gases that have less water solubility than CO2 (e.g., O2). These pioneering flux measurements using micrometeorological techniques show that more such measurements would improve our understanding of air-sea Hg exchange.

  • 17.
    Persson, Sara
    et al.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustav
    Karlstad University.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Future monitoring of chemical exposure and effects in humans, wildlife and the environment - from a One Health perspective2024Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Schartup, Amina T.
    et al.
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Angot, Hélène
    Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).
    Bowman, Katlin
    University of California Santa Cruz.
    Selin, Noelle
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    What are the likely changes in mercury concentration in the Arctic atmosphere and ocean under future emissions scenarios?2022In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 836, article id 155477Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Arctic mercury (Hg) concentrations respond to changes in anthropogenic Hg emissions and environmental change. This manuscript, prepared for the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Mercury Assessment, explores the response of Arctic Ocean Hg concentrations to changing primary Hg emissions and to changing sea-ice cover, river inputs, and net primary production. To do this, we conduct a model analysis using a 2015 Hg inventory and future anthropogenic Hg emission scenarios. We model future atmospheric Hg deposition to the surface ocean as a flux to the surface water or sea ice using three scenarios: No Action, New Policy (NP), and Maximum Feasible Reduction (MFR). We then force a five-compartment box model of Hg cycling in the Arctic Ocean with these scenarios and literature-derived climate variables to simulate environmental change. No Action results in a 51% higher Hg deposition rate by 2050 while increasing Hg concentrations in the surface water by 22% and <9% at depth. Both “action” scenarios (NP and MFR), implemented in 2020 or 2035, result in lower Hg deposition ranging from 7% (NP delayed to 2035) to 30% (MFR implemented in 2020) by 2050. Under this last scenario, ocean Hg concentrations decline by 14% in the surface and 4% at depth. We find that the sea-ice cover decline exerts the strongest Hg reducing forcing on the Arctic Ocean while increasing river discharge increases Hg concentrations. When modified together the climate scenarios result in a ≤5% Hg decline by 2050 in the Arctic Ocean. Thus, we show that the magnitude of emissions-induced future changes in the Arctic Ocean is likely to be substantial compared to climate-induced effects. Furthermore, this study underscores the need for prompt and ambitious action for changing Hg concentrations in the Arctic, since delaying less ambitious reduction measures–like NP–until 2035 may become offset by Hg accumulated from pre-2035 emissions.

  • 19.
    Schartup, Amina T.
    et al.
    University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
    Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU.
    Influence of the Arctic Sea-Ice Regime Shift on Sea-Ice MethylatedMercury Trends2020In: Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Arctic sea ice regulates the air−sea exchange of volatile mercury (Hg) species like dimethylmercury (DMHg) or elemental Hg and is known to host Hg methylating microbes that produce neurotoxic and biomagnifying monomethylmercury (MMHg). Arctic sea ice accounts for 57% of the total primary production in the Arctic Ocean, suggesting that it could be the main source of MMHg to arctic food webs. Despite this, little is known about Hg concentrations and speciation in arctic sea ice. Here, we report Hg species and show the importance of sea-ice composition on sea-ice methylmercury (MeHg = DMHg + MMHg) budgets. We propose that the shift from older sea ice (lower MeHg) to younger sea ice (higher MeHg) resulted in a 40% increase in MeHg (per square meter of sea ice) since 1979 despite a 45% decline in the total sea-ice volume. Approximately 30% of the MeHg sea-ice budget is DMHg, which means that when the seaice melts in the summer it could contribute 0.03−2.7 pmol of DMHg m−2 day−1 to the atmosphere, which is comparable to diffusion from water (0.48−2.8 pmol of DMHg m−2 day−1). This study shows that the MeHg content of rapidly shrinking arctic sea ice and exposure of sea-ice biota may not be declining as previously thought.

  • 20.
    Selin, Noelle
    et al.
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Schartup, Amina T.
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Angot, Hélène Angot
    Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).
    Bowman, Katlin
    University of California Santa Cruz.
    What are the likely changes in mercury concentration in the Arctic atmosphere and ocean under future emissions scenarios?2021In: AMAP Assessment 2021: Mercury in the Arctic. / [ed] AMAP, Tromsø, Norway: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, 2021, p. 241-256Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Benskin, Jonathan P.
    Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Four Decades of Spatiotemporal Variability of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Baltic Sea2024In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 58, no 24, p. 10806-10816Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Eliassen, Jonas
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Jonsson, Conny
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Kylberg, Eva
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Stjärnkvist, Nellie
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Öhlund, Jill
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    Graphic and statistical overview of temporal trends and spatial variations within the Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota (until 2022 year’s data)2024Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    Graphic and statistical overview of temporal trends and spatial variations within the Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota (until 2020 year’s data)2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report present a graphic and statistical overview of temporal trends and spatial variations within the Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Graphic and statistical overview of temporal trends and spatial variations within the Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota (until 2021 year’s data), 5:20232023Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Soerensen and Faxneld 2023
  • 25.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) within the Swedish Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the report is three-fold. Firstly, to evaluate to what extent phase-out of certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) first initiated in the early 2000s are reflected in the biota concentration within the Baltic Sea. Secondly, to investigate the spatial differences of PFAS across the Baltic Sea, which has not previously been evaluated, and couple these results to PFAS observations in other matrices to better understand the flow of PFAS through the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Lastly, to investigate the implication of a proposed PFAS EQS dossier on the evaluation of Good Environmental Status in the Baltic Sea.

    We use data on PFAS from the Swedish Monitoring Program for Contaminants in Marine Biota covering 40 years for the longest time series (four Time Trend Stations) and 26 stations at present day. The program covers stations from the Bothnian Bay in the north to Skagerrak at the Swedish west coast (referred to as the Greater Baltic Sea) and PFAS is analyzed in four fish species and three bird species. The target compounds are perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA; C4-C8), perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA; C6-C15) and FOSA. In the data evaluation, observations from other monitoring programmes and research campaigns are included (river, marine surface water, sediment, and top predators) to set the observations from the Swedish Monitoring Program for Contaminants in Marine Biota into context. 

    After an initial exponential increase in PFAS concentrations, we found that PFAS displayed a rapid response to phase-out and regulations in the early 2000s. As a result, PFAS concentrations stabilized (rather than displaying an immediate decrease). This is linked to the few removal pathways of the long lived PFAS homologues in the Baltic Sea water column. However, within the last decade PFAS has started to show significant declines at many stations, the exception being a few PFAS homologues (PFOA (C8) and PFNA (C9)). 

    Two distinct water masses are present in the Greater Baltic Sea, North Sea water and Baltic Sea water, the latter with origin in the Baltic Sea drainage basin. Differences in the PFAS loads of these water masses likely drives geographical differences seen in the PFAS concentrations and homologue distribution between fish in Kattegat and the Baltic Sea. Different water mass lifetimes in the Baltic Sea basins further affect the concentration and response time with regards to changes in external sources for individual homologues.

    A proposed PFAS EQS dossier presents an EQS (with the PFAS sum expressed as PFOA-equivalents) a factor 100 lower than the current PFOS EQS. We find that PFOS, PFNA and PFUnDA contribute more than 80% to the sumPFAS-equivalent. PFNA is the only homologue that is currently increasing in some parts of the Baltic Sea and special attention should be on this homologue in the future. Despite the slow recovery with regards to PFAS concentrations over the past decade the biota PFAS concentrations are still 5-230 times higher than the threshold proposed in the PFAS EQS dossier. Screening studies has further identified a range of PFAS in the Greater Baltic Sea not currently part of the Swedish Monitoring Program for Contaminants in Marine Biota. As an example the cyclic PFECHS has been found at various trophic levels in the food web at concentrations indicating biomagnification potential. These findings indicate that PFAS is still affecting the Greater Baltic Sea environment negatively and the development in concentrations of individual homologues should be followed closely over the coming decade both for those PFAS included in the current program but also the emergence of novel PFAS through screening program.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Soerensen and Faxneld 2023
  • 26.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    The Swedish National Monitoring Programme for Contaminants in Marine Biota (until 2019 year’s data) - Temporal trends and spatial variations2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The report summarises the monitoring activities within the National Swedish Contaminant Programme inmarine biota.Few trends are found for the biological variables of the biota included in the programme (age, weight,length, and fulton´s condition factor). This is expected, as samples are selectively selected to avoidtrends. However, all variables for Holmöarna in the Bothnian Bay and the fish age at the West Coastsites (Kullen, Fladen and Väderöarna) stands out for herring, cod and perch as having upward trendsover the last 10 years. Since many of the contaminants presented in this report bioaccumulate, this islikely to affect the trends presented below.For the aggregated herring data (on sub-basin scale) on chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, dioxins andfurans, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated substances (PFAS) a general downward trendfor the last 10 years (2010-2019) is seen for all sub-basins (Southern and Northern Baltic Proper andBothnian Sea and Bay) except the West Coast. On the West Coast, changes are small and often nonsignificant.The contaminant concentrations are in general lowest on the West Coast but theconcentration difference between the West Coast and the other sub-basins has shrunken over the last10 years as the concentrations in the other sub-basins are decreasing towards West Coast levels. Theperfluorinated compound FOSA is an exception to this picture, with 2-4 times higher concentrations onthe West Coast compared to the Baltic Sea. For the metals, no common patterns are seen for theaggregated herring data across the metals or for each specific metal between sub-basins.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Ammar, Yosr
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research.
    Sköld, Martin
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring. Swedish Museum of Natural History.
    PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs within the Swedish National Monitoring Program for Contaminants in Marine Biota2024Report (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Pettersson, Maria
    Environment and Health Administration, City of Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sköld, Martin
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Fish tissue conversion factors for mercury, cadmium, lead and nine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances for use within contaminant monitoring2023In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 858, p. 159740-159740, article id 159740Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fish tissue levels have to comply with environmental quality standards (EQSs) within the European Water Framework Directive. However, within monitoring, contaminants are sometimes measured in a different tissue than the tissue for which the environmental (whole fish) or human (fillet (equivalent to muscle tissue)) quality standard is set. Tissue conversion factors (k), describing the relationship between concentrations in different tissues, can be used to obtain a quality standard for the appropriate tissue. Several different approaches have been suggested for the calculation of k. For monitoring purposes, we propose the use of a simple, easy reproducible approach that assumes proportionality between two tissue, or tissue and whole fish, concentrations. This allows for an easy comparison of studies and adoption of ks into independent monitoring programs. Here, we determined ks for three metals (mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd)) and nine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) across six marine and freshwater fish species from Northern European lakes and the Baltic Sea. We found significant species differences for Hg for kmuscle/whole fish, for Cd and Pb for kliver/whole fish and for Cd for kliver/muscle. For perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA), we found a chain length dependence with lowest kliver/muscle at low and high chain lengths (C8, C13) and highest for median chain lengths (C9-C12). Further, there were differences between fish species with kliver/muscle for PFOS almost doubling from eelpout (10.3) to herring (19.2) and increasing up to a factor 4 between eelpout and herring for other PFASs. FOSA had two distinctive groups, herring with a kliver/muscle of 48.7 and a second group with ks of 2.3 to 5.9 for all other fish species. Our results suggest that differences in the tissue somatic index, and contaminant uptake, tissue transfer and metabolism result in the need for species-specific ks within monitoring

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 29.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Faxneld, Suzanne
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Sköld, Martin
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Converting environmental quality standards for evaluation of fish contaminant monitoring data - tissue conversion factors for mercury, cadmium, lead and selected PFASs2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the report is to produce improved estimates of tissue conversion factors (k) to use within environmental monitoring. The contaminant distribution across a range of marine and freshwater fish species from Northern Europe freshwater and the Baltic Sea was investigated. New tissue conversion factors were established and converted threshold limits (C-EQS or C-QS) for tissues of relevance for monitoring (liver and muscle) presented. We further explored inter-species variability in contaminant distribution, which can result in the need to create species-specific conversion factors. 

                          In this study, we use conversion factors that assumes a proportional relation between two tissue concentrations. We recommend that this method is always used when the aim is to convert between tissue concentrations for monitoring purposes. This will allow for better transparency and allow for easy comparison between studies, something that is made difficult at the moment due to the use of different alternative methods for conversion.

                          Based on the analysis we recommend four new threshold value estimates that can be used within environmental monitoring of fish. For mercury (Hg) we only looked at the kmuscle/whole fish and did not consider liver measurements. We recommend the use of a C-EQSmuscle of 24 ng g-1 ww across all fish species. For cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) we calculated C-QSliver estimates based on conversion from both the QSmuscle-human health and QSwhole fish-sec pois. For Cd, we found significant differences between the two species investigated (herring and perch) as well as ten times higher C-QSliver based on the QSmuscle-human health than the QSwhole fish-sec pois. From a precautionary principle we recommend to use the herring specific k and the QS for secondary poising set for whole fish concentration to set the C-QSliver, which lead to a C-QSliver for Cd of 2.6 μg g-1 ww. For lead (Pb), the liver:muscle dataset was considered less robust than the liver:whole fish dataset. Also, for Pb significant differences were found between k’s in herring and perch. We recommend using a C-QSliver of 0.3 μg g-1 ww for Pb based on perch data. For PFOS we only looked at the kliver/muscle and did not consider whole fish measurements. We recommend the use of a C-EQSliver of 153 ng g-1 ww across all fish species despite some differences in k between the six species included in the estimate. For all contaminants, more data on additional fish species and data on the same species but better distributed between marine and freshwater environments (for species living in both like perch) is needed to elucidate the need for species specific and environment specific thresholds. In addition, more observations with concentrations close to the thresholds are needed for Cd and Pb to bring down the uncertainty on the QSliver estimates, which are currently, based on extrapolation of values more than a factor ten below the thresholds.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 30.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    et al.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Feinberg, Aryeh
    Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
    Schartup, Amina T.
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
    Selenium concentration in herring from the Baltic Sea tracks decadal and spatial trends in external sources2022In: Environmental Science: Processes & ImpactsArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selenium (Se) has a narrow range between nutritionally optimal and toxic concentrations for many organisms, including fish and humans. However, the degree to which humans are affecting Se concentrations in coastal food webs with diffuse Se sources is not well described. Here we examine large-scale drivers of spatio-temporal variability in Se concentration in herring from the Baltic Sea (coastal sea) to explore the anthropogenic impact on a species from the pelagic food web. We analyze data from three herring muscle time series covering three decades (1979–2010) and herring liver time series from 20 stations across the Baltic Sea covering a fourth decade (2009–2019). We find a 0.7–2.0% per annum (n = 26–30) Se decline in herring muscle samples from 0.34 ± 0.02 μg g−1 ww in 1979–1981 to 0.18 ± 0.03 μg g−1 ww in 2008–2010. This decrease continues in the liver samples during the fourth decade (6 of 20 stations show significant decrease). We also find increasing North-South and East-West gradients in herring Se concentrations. Using our observations, modelled Se deposition (spatio-temporal information) and estimated Se river discharge (spatial information), we show that the spatial variability in herring Se tracks the variability in external source loads. Further, between 1979 and 2010 we report a ∼5% per annum decline in direct Se deposition and a more gradual, 0.7–2.0% per annum, decline in herring Se concentrations. The slower rate of decrease for herring can be explained by stable or only slowly decreasing riverine inputs of Se to the Baltic Sea as well as recycling of Se within the coastal system. Both processes can reduce the effect of the trend predicted from direct Se deposition. We show that changing atmospheric emissions of Se may influence Se concentrations of a pelagic fish species in a coastal area through direct deposition and riverine inputs from the terrestrial landscape.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31. Viñas, Lucia
    et al.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Fryer, Rob
    Status and Trends of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Biota and Sediment2022In: OSPAR, 2023: The 2023 Quality Status Report for the North-East Atlantic / [ed] OSPAR Commission, London: Ospar Commision, 2022Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Biota sites have good geographical coverage, sediment sites are more limited. PBDEs in sediment and biota have been stable (54% of assessed areas) or declining (46%) for the past 20 years. Concentrations are below thresholds (FEQGs) for all assessment areas and congeners, except BDE209 in Irish Sea sediment, and should not cause adverse effects to marine wildlife.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Viñas et al 2022
  • 32.
    Åkerblom, Staffan
    et al.
    Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB).
    Zdanowicz, Christian
    Uppsala University.
    Campeau, Audrey
    Uppsala University.
    Soerensen, Anne L.
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental research and monitoring.
    Hewitt, Jack
    Uppsala University.
    Spatial and temporal variations in riverine mercury in the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada, from community-based water quality monitoring data.2022In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 853, article id 158674Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Arctic rivers deliver~40 t yr−1 of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic Ocean, ~6%of which is from the Mackenzie River Basin(MRB), a region warming at ~3 times the mean hemispheric rate. How this will affect Hg transfer to ecosystems of theBeaufort Sea is a worrying issue. To help address this question, we analyzed >500 measurements ofHg and other waterproperties from 22 rivers collected in 2012–2018 by communities of the MRB. This new dataset provides a more comprehensiveview of riverine Hg variations across the basin than was previously available. We find that rivers issuedfrom mountains in the western MRB contribute the largest share of Hg in the Mackenzie River, 60–95 % of it beingcarried as fine suspended solids and probably sourced from riverbank erosion and thaw slumps. In contrast, lowlandrivers of the central and eastern MRB contribute larger shares of dissolved Hg (up to 78 %), likely from recent atmosphericdeposition through precipitation. Using load modelling constrained by the new water quality dataset, we estimatethat the three largest western tributaries (Liard, Peel and Arctic Red rivers) of the Mackenzie contribute 60 % ofthe annual MRB THg export and DHg export to the Beaufort Sea during freshet, as well as 51 % of DHg export, whilesupplying 60% of freshet discharge. Load modelling also reveals a sustained decline in DHg loads of ~13 kg yr−1 between2001 and 2016 in the lower Mackenzie River, which likely reflect a decreasing trend in atmospheric Hg depositionover most of northwestern Canada during this period. This study highlights the value of community-based waterquality monitoring in helping to support assessments of riverine Hg in theMRB in support of the Minamata Conventionon Mercury.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Åkerblom et al 2022
1 - 32 of 32
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf