The research studied the pressing problem of the fuel and energy strategy of the XXI century. For the first time, there was shown the diversity of the authors' approach to theoretical and applied problems of hydrogen energy. General issues of fundamental and applied aspects of hydrogen origin were covered. The study provides the results of scientific developments on hydrogen mapping performed within the framework of scientific and practical exploratory and geo-ecological research on more than 200 hydrocarbon objects both on land (including mining fields) and in marine water areas. Prognostic and search system criteria were substantiated, with hydrogen being used for the first time as a component of the complex of methodical solutions in the search practice. The research showed the importance of solving the problem of geo-ecological processes and accidents in mine workings and wells, connected to numerous disasters. According to numerous studies of mine massives, a set of preventive measures and criteria that prevent explosive processes was provided.The presence of a unique complex of natural components of hydrogen technology, solar and wind energy resources and fresh waters of the Danube lakes and the Danube was stated.The study emphasises the decisive role of Ukraine in the competition for primacy in scientific developments. For the first time in world practice, the implementation of global projects for the extraction and production of green and white hydrogen was substantiated.The technology was tested on numerous hydrocarbon deposits, water resources and mine workings and therefore has all the prospects for the effective application in the search and extraction of hydrogen. This monograph can be useful and informative for specialists in the fields of oil and gas geology, general and regional geology, hydrology, environmental protection, as well as for the students and postgraduate students of fuel and energy, oil and gas geological and hydrological areas, as well as for domestic and foreign investors.

The research studied the pressing problem of the fuel and energy strategy of the XXI century. For the first time, there was shown the diversity of the authors' approach to theoretical and applied problems of hydrogen energy. General issues of fundamental and applied aspects of hydrogen origin were covered. The study provides the results of scientific developments on hydrogen mapping performed within the framework of scientific and practical exploratory and geo-ecological research on more than 200 hydrocarbon objects both on land (including mining fields) and in marine water areas. Prognostic and search system criteria were substantiated, with hydrogen being used for the first time as a component of the complex of methodical solutions in the search practice. The research showed the importance of solving the problem of geo-ecological processes and accidents in mine workings and wells, connected to numerous disasters. According to numerous studies of mine massives, a set of preventive measures and criteria that prevent explosive processes was provided. The presence of a unique complex of natural components of hydrogen technology, solar and wind energy resources and fresh waters of the Danube lakes and the Danube was stated. The study emphasises the decisive role of Ukraine in the competition for primacy in scientific developments. For the first time in world practice, the implementation of global projects for the extraction and production of green and white hydrogen was substantiated. The technology was tested on numerous hydrocarbon deposits, water resources and mine workings and therefore has all the prospects for the effective application in the search and extraction of hydrogen. This monograph can be useful and informative for specialists in the fields of oil and gas geology, general and regional geology, hydrology, environmental protection, as well as for the students and postgraduate students of fuel and energy, oil and gas geological and hydrological areas, as well as for domestic and foreign investors. 

As part of the study of the cycle of matter in nature, the hydro-biogenic-mantle concept of hydrocarbon formation was developed and and the search structural-thermo-atmospheric-hydrological-geochemical technology was created on its basis. Theoretical and applied bases of system geological-thermo-atmogeochemical technology with the use of a complex of tectonic, morphostructural, lithological-stratigraphic, formation-sedimentation, geophysical, hydrological, thermometric, atmogeochemical methods are stated. This research technology was successfully implemented in the process of forecasting and exploration works both on land and in the Black and Azov seas at the Eastern, Western, Southern oil and gas regions of Ukraine, impact structures, coal deposits using specially designed equipment. The sources of restoration of hydrocarbon deposits in operation were substantiated. The analysis of the location of oil and gas fields and hydrogeological basins of world hydrocarbon production allowed to substantiate and introduce into the new search technology of hydrocarbon accumulations the most important search criteria - hydrological-structural and geochemical elements, that reflect the nature of the canyons of delta river systems, as well as generators of hydrobiogenic methane-forming processes located in their basins. This monograph can be useful and informative for specialists in the field of oil and gas geology, general and regional geology, hydrology, environmental protection, students and graduate students of fuel and energy, oil and gas geology and hydrology, as well as domestic and foreign investors.

Pipelines for oil and gas create significant risks of destruction in the systems of industrial and main transportation of hydrocarbons in the presence of corrosion-embrittlement of metal. According to many researchers one of the main reasons for this process is in the area of hydrogen anomalies. It occurs under insulating coating. Insulating coating on the pipeline is peeled off from the metal in such places. Microcracks and pores appear; then moisture spreads to outer surface of the pipe and causes corrosion processes — embrittlement. In addition, it is not excluded that corrosion is intensified due to electrochemical processes and due to undercurrents of gaseous diffusion of hydrogen gas from the mantle strata formed in the areas of the pipeline location. Hydrogen is extremely permeable gas. It leads to swelling, insulation peeling off and defects expanding. The situation creates possibility for moisture penetration to the pipes surface. It also directly affects strength of the metal causing corrosion, cracking and embrittlement. Results of the studies show that embrittlement processes take place mostly in the areas where pipelines pass through oil and gas-bearing structures. In such places hydrogen exits are recorded.

There is a problem of development and implementation of prospecting technology to ensure protection of mining products and prevent disasters during the of coal deposits. It is especially relevant now when issue of environmental protection and improving labor safety in coal mines is very acute. Development of safe search technology for coal deposits is proposed by the authors. It will allow early monitoring to identify places of possible manifestations of gas-dynamic phenomena and make operational decisions for their elimination. The technology is based on application of exploratory gas-geochemical methods for mapping places of accumulation of gas-hydrogen accumulations and their areas. It together with a complex of geological-geophysical method allows to identify areas of possible emergency processes in development zones of mine fields. Feasibility of using search technology to justify use of laying anticipatory degassing wells to prevent uncontrolled explosive processes and technical disasters was proved on large array of conducted field work of planar and profile surveys. The proposed technology was tested on numerous mining sites in the process of exploratory and ecological research in development zones of active and exhausted mine fields.

The implementation of global energy projectsfor comprehensive solutions to the developmentof energy from renewable sources has all thenecessary conditions for the production, accumulationand transportation of green hydrogenin the south-west of the Odesa region, within theboundaries of the Izmail administrative districtand is timed to the floodplain of the Danube River.

Long-term results of research on mapping of oil and gas-bearing areas on traditional and non-traditional objects (mine fields, shelf areas, astroblems) made it possible to create a database of system criteria for search technology of structural-thermo-atmospheric-hydrologic geochemical research (STAHGR). It is an integral part of methodological solutions complex.There hydrogen was used as the main constituent element of explosives for the first time insearch practice. There are of hydrogen concentrations obtained in the process of research into the mapping features of the oil and gas capacity of traditional and non-traditional HC (hydrocarbons). Their spectrum of research includes H2-hydrogen. Analysis of data results made it possible to single out anomalous single values in areas and in productive areas (in the absence of background) and to conduct detailed, multi-scale studies for the purpose of planar mapping on prospecting works and environmental impacts of gas dynamic phenomena (GDF) during the development of coal massifs.

The article is dedicated to Dina Markiyanivna Pyatkova, the well-known scientist and researcher in the field of stra tigraphy and paleontology, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, senior researcher at the Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mesozoic deposits of the Institute of Geological Sciences of NAS of Ukraine. 

The collection of Ediacaran algal flora is stored in the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. These fossils were collected by Andrii Martyshyn in southwestern Ukraine. Within the framework of the priority topic “Integration of large-scale geological data to solve fundamental and applied problems of Ukraine”, which is being carried out at the Institute, the collection was revised. New fossil specimens of giant tubularstructures were also added, which we recently discovered in sediments (argillites, siltstones, sandstones) of the Mohyliv-Podilska series of the Ediacaran (Dniester river valley, southwestern Ukraine). The material is represented by three taphonomic variants of these remains: three-dimensionally preserved rods, phytoleimes and rods with charred shell fragments. We have collected a large number of fossils of soft-bodied organisms, trace fossils, macroalgae and problematic remains. Analysis of our findings suggests that some known and new fossils are likely to be the remains of algae. This interpretation is based on findings that demonstrate the different taphonomic states of preservation. The material of the new species of the previously described genus Harlaniella Sokolov in argillitic strata of the Kanylivka Group was described as traces of movement of worm-like creatures. These fossils look like straight or curved rods with oblique hatching on the lower surface of the rock. There are no trace fossils with similar morphology in the fossil record of the Phanerozoic. Our new material shows that the fossils were organic tubes with a smooth surface and an obliquely transverse sculpture on the inner surface of the wall. We found specimens with examples of the transition from smooth tubes into hatched rods and carbonaceous compression fossils (phytoleims). Similar phytoleims are widespread in this stratum and are described as remnants of probable brown algae Vendotaenia Gnilovskaja. New finds demonstrate a morphology different from the holotype: numerous branching segments and elasticity of deformed tubes. We did not detect holdfasts attaching bodies to the substrate, indicating a probable planktonic habit for these putative algae.

Introduction. The relevance of this publication is associated with the problem offoundation and developing a raw material base of phosphate raw material inaccordance with the demand of the national agro-industrial complex.The purpose of the publication is to develop a preliminary digital structural-lithological model (DSLM) of the Kopytkivsky deposit, as a tool for informationsupport of its development, as well as geological and genetic characteristics of theobject as a basis for specifying the criteria for predicting deposits of this type. This goal covers the following tasks: - presentation of methodology and researchmethods; - presentation of the database; - demonstration of derivatives of the createddigital structural-lithological model (DSLM) and their interpretation;- representationof functional and cognitive characteristics of the object (Kopytkivsky phosphoritedeposit).

Materials and Metodology. The studies are based on two methodologicalprinciples: traditional lithological, paleofacial, paleogeographic studies and theauthor's development - digital structural and lithological modeling, dialectically combined in the form of a single predictive-paleoreconstructive retrospective-staticmodel.

Main Results. Kopytkivsky deposit belongs to the Zdolbunovskiy district of theZdolbunovskiy-Ternopil zone of the Volyn-Podolsk Cretaceous basin of thephosphorite-bearing province of the East European platform. The indicated zonerefers to the Volyno-Podilllya plate, i.e the western slope of the Ukrainian shield. Inthe area of the Kopytkivsky deposit, layers of inoceramic limestones represent thelower stratigraphic subdivision of the Cretaceous system, lying directly on the pre-Mesozoic basement. The DSLM of the Kopytkivsky field has been developed,intended for information support for further work on its development (detailedexploration and operation). The DSLM database is represented by a description of 567 geological exploration wells.

Conlusions. Based on the constructed DSLM, a number of derivatives (includingvisualizations) were obtained that reflect the structural and material - industrialcharacteristics of the field - a number of maps, profiles, as well as a block diagram ofthe central part of the field. The description of the most informative visualizations aregiven: Map of the hypsometry of the bottom of the "Визначення перспектив розвитку та використанняproductive horizon"Визначення перспектив розвитку та використання, Map of thehypsometry of the roof of the "Визначення перспектив розвитку та використанняproductive horizon"Визначення перспектив розвитку та використання, Map of specific reserves andothers. The model derivatives reflect the spatial (areal and hypsometric) configurationof phosphorites ore bodies and the distribution of specific reserves of P2O5. Based onthe methodological principles of formation analysis and the methodologicalapproaches adopted by us for predictive-paleoreconstructive retrospective-staticmodeling of the object, a geological and genetic characteristic of the stage offormation of layers of inoceramic limestones has been obtained. The mechanism ofphosphorite formation is considered. The presented DSLM is intended forinformation support of detailed and operational exploration, with the prospect of thecurrent development of the model (as a permanent one) with the addition of new dataduring exploration and operational work.

The collection of Ediacaran algal flora is stored in the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. These fossils were collected by Andrii Martyshyn in southwestern Ukraine. Within the framework of the priority topic “Integration of large-scale geological data to solve fundamental and applied problems of Ukraine”, which is being carried out at the Institute, the collection was revised. New fossil specimens of giant tubularstructures were also added, which we recently discovered in sediments (argillites, siltstones, sandstones) of the Mohyliv-Podilska series of the Ediacaran (Dniester river valley, southwestern Ukraine). The material is represented by three taphonomic variants of these remains: three-dimensionally preserved rods, phytoleimes and rods with charred shell fragments. We have collected a large number of fossils of soft-bodied organisms, trace fossils, macroalgae and problematic remains. Analysis of our findings suggests that some known and new fossils are likely to be the remains of algae. This interpretation is based on findings that demonstrate the different taphonomic states of preservation. The material of the new species of the previously described genus Harlaniella Sokolov in argillitic strata of the Kanylivka Group was described as traces of movement of worm-like creatures. These fossils look like straight or curved rods with oblique hatching on the lower surface of the rock. There are no trace fossils with similar morphology in the fossil record of the Phanerozoic. Our new material shows that the fossils were organic tubes with a smooth surface and an obliquely transverse sculpture on the inner surface of the wall. We found specimens with examples of the transition from smooth tubes into hatched rods and carbonaceous compression fossils (phytoleims). Similar phytoleims are widespread in this stratum and are described as remnants of probable brown algae Vendotaenia Gnilovskaja. New finds demonstrate a morphology different from the holotype: numerous branching segments and elasticity of deformed tubes. We did not detect holdfasts attaching bodies to the substrate, indicating a probable planktonic habit for these putative algae.

Despite the active research of Jurassic system deposits of Donbas during the last two centuries theissue of their stratigraphy principles is still debatable. Theauthors` analysis of the available scientific material revealedaconflict between the normatively established requirement to rely on lithostratigraphy duringthe sediment research, andthe fact that the existing common system relies on biostratigraphy. This contradiction could be solved by the study oflithostratigraphic units of the Donetsk Jurassic deposits. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to research the Kozhu-linska formation, establish its composition and describe its main features. The Lower Jurassic deposits from the outcropsnear the village of Kamyanka (Izyum district) were studied, since the studyable stratotypes of most of the Jurassic strata,which are well exposed in the studied area, are available in this area.Material and methods. The scientific search was based on the analysis of literature, results of previous drilling andmapping works, as well as own field, laboratory and analyticalstudies. Clay samples were taken from different strati-graphic levels of the formation and from different lithologicalvarieties. Laboratory research was carried out in two direc-tions: using an electron microscope and a spectrometer to detect the material composition of clays. A palynological anal-ysis of these deposits was also carried out, namely, stratifieddeposits with the help of microphytofossils, including, forthe first time, according to the orthostratigraphic group – dinocysts.Results and discussion. The results showed that the Kozhulinska formation was mainlyrepresented by shaly clays(gray, dark gray, sometimes blue-gray) that contained relatively thin layers of sandstones. The main mass of clays con-sisted of hydromicas, with an insignificant content of montmorillonite, and an even smaller amount of kaolin. The layersof quartz sandstones cemented withclay material were separately traced along the strike.Paleontological remains in the clays of Kozhulinska formation were rare. Palynological groups are mainly repre-sented by pollen and spores, as well as remains of dinophytes,green algae and acritarchs. According to paleoalgologicalanalysis, the sediments of the Kozhulinska formation are datedfor the first time.Stratigraphy. Kozhulinska formation is represented by a fairly uniform layer of montmorillonite clays of hydromicacomposition. The clays are mainly siltstone, but there are, especially in the lower part, washed clean varieties. It is im-possible to divide the formation into sub formation based on lithological features. According to biostratigraphic data,deposits are divided into Plinsbachian, Toarian and Aalenian.Paleogeography. At the end of the Early Jurassic and the beginning of the Middle Jurassic era, the territory of theKamianska area was a low-lying part of the seabed that was drained during low tides. The land that surrounded it wasalso low-lying and almost did not supply detrital material, however, there is a regular removal of plant detritus. The sourceof the terrigenous material was the sedimentary complexes of the Donetsk Ridge. Features of the chemical compositionof the world are a significant amount of iron (siderite, ocher,chamosite) and the absence of calcium and magnesiumcarbonates. At the end of the early Aalene, this unstable basinfinally regresses, which leads to the accumulation of apowerful subaerial pack of sandstones, which weigh and border the cores of anticlines - elevated areas of the bottom orsmall islands.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study of the Cherkaska formation of the Jurassic system of the North-Western outskirts of the Donbas and is a continuation of a series of publications highlighting the stratigraphy of Jurassic in key areas near the town of Izyum and the village of Kamyanka.

Material and methods. The scientific search was based on the analysis of literature, results of previous drilling and mapping works, as well as own field, laboratory and analytical studies. Chemical and X-ray structural analyzes of clays, mineralogical analysis of sands were carried out. Micropaleontological analysis and generalized data on the distribution of fossil remains were carried out. The palynological analysis of these deposits was also carried out, including, for the first time, according to the orthostratigraphic group – dinocysts.

Results and discussion. The stratotype of the Cherkaska Formation was not specified. These were probably outcrops of ferruginous sandstones in the area of the village of Cherkaske, Slavic district, Donetsk region. Unfortunately, the deposits of this formation are exposed very fragmentarily, which makes it impossible to indicate a single typical section. As a number of such sections, it is possible to indicate Topalska balka - a clay stratum, and Pidluzhnyi farm -the upper stratum, stratigraphically important Vitcheliian layers were noted only in the village of Sukha Kamianka.Lithology. In this section of the paper, we present the detailed lithological composition of the deposits of the Cherkaska Formation from the three studied outcrops.

Paleontological remains. Based on the findings of macrofauna in the sandstones, the dated levels of Witchellia rossica and Stephanoceras humphriesianum can be distinguished, which correspond to the two upper zones of the Lower Bajocian of the International Stratigraphic Scale. Upon the appearance of dinocysts of Pareodinia sp. and a small percentage of Clasopollis pollen (remains of gymnosperms) for the first time dated clays of the Cherkaska subformation.

Stratigraphy. Within the studied territory, the Cherkaska formation is clearly divided into two parts: the lower one, composed of clays, and the upper one, composed of sandstones, which makes it possible to divide it into subformation. Witchellia limestone may be present if the upper sub-formation is eroded. Paleogeography. At the beginning of the Cherkaskyi period, the territory was a flat lowland covered by an extremely shallow sea basin. In the Late Cherkaskyi period, the supply of detrital material increases significantly, but the depth of the basin also increases, the salinity becomes normal, and a normal marine fauna appears. In some places, on the slopes of paleo-elevations, accumulation does not occur, which leads to the formation of deposits of a facies similar to Ammonitico rosso - limestones from Witchellia.

Conclusions. The Cherkaska formation represents an important stage in the geological history of the development of northwestern Donbas. The formation marks the beginning of the Middle-Late Jurassic transgression, the beginning of the formation of normal marine sediments, and the activation of differentiated tectonic movements of local structures. 

Wind-blown pollen (pollen rain) is a major contributor to element cycling in modern forests and aquatic ecosystems, particularly in high-latitude and acidic settings where nutrients are a limiting factor. The rich package of proteins, nitrogen and phosphorus residing within pollen is, nonetheless, inaccessible to most organisms, owing to the indigestible sporopollenin walls. Saprotrophic breakdown by fungi, and some non-fungal microorganisms, can make nutrients bioavailable, and represents a key trophic link in element cycling and the transfer of organic carbon. Little is known about when micro-saprotrophs first adapted to exploit pollen, thus establishing this crucial step in the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. One approach is to examine the rich fossil record of palynomorphs. Here we describe translucent bodies referable either to fungi (Chytridiomycota) or water moulds (Oomycetes) within the pollen of glossopterid gymnosperms and cordaitaleans, and fern spores from silicified Permian (Guadalupian–Lopingian) peats of the Toploje Member, Bainmedart Coal Measures, Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica. These probable holocarpic thalli or oospores exploited the nutrient-rich microgametophyte tissue of dispersed miospores in high-palaeolatitude wetlands. The exceptional preservation of fossil microorganisms in permineralised peats offers insights into the deep-time evolution of intimate ecological relationships, otherwise known only among extant biotas. Permineralisation has preserved sub-micron details of these delicate and cryptic saprotrophs that likely played key roles in cycling nutrients in the acidic forest mires of the Permian. Our study reveals that the extensive recapture of spore/pollen-derived nutrients via saprotrophic digestion was already at play in the high-latitude ecosystems of the late Palaeozoic.

Since the establishment of spore-pollen analysis as a method for biostratigraphic subdivision of Mesozoic rocks in Ukraine, several schools have undertaken palynological research since the middle of the 20th century. Palynologists M.I. Ustynovska, T.B. Hubkyna, N.N. Zhuhan, S.Y. Yehorova, H.Y. Ivankevych, O.Z. Isahulova, Y.V. Semenova, R.O. Rotman, and N.S. Kyrvel worked at the Kyiv school (central Ukraine); L.A. Portnyahina, H.A. Orlova-Turchyna, N.Y. Teslya, M.I. Burova, M.E. Ohorodnik, and A.S. Andreeva-Grigorovich carried out research in the Lviv school (western Ukraine); and A.K. Kruzina, A.A. Mikhelis among others worked in the Artemivsk school (eastern Ukraine). The scientific works of M.A. Voronova are basic analyses of the spores-pollen assemblages of the Lower Cretaceous. From 1963 to 2002, M.A. Voronova established the basic methodological principles of palynological research on Lower Cretaceous strata of Ukraine and elucidated important issues concerning the emergence of angiosperms, migration and evolution of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous flora of ferns, developed criteria for palaeolandscape reconstructions and palaeo-weathering. G.G. Janowska focused on the palynostratigraphy of the Jurassic deposits of Crimea and Preddobrudzha. In 1952–1953, for the first time, G.V. Shramkova and A.M. Laptyeva carried out a detailed biostratigraphic division of the Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin and the north-western Donbass with the help of spore-pollen analysis. E.V. Semenova characterized the Triassic and Lower Jurassic deposits of the Donbas and the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin.Despite the significant contributions of Ukrainian palynologists to the study of Mesozoic sediments, many problems remain that need to be addressed. Today, at the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of Mesozoic strata using palynological analysis is carried out by O.A. Shevchuk and student D.O. Pustovoitova. A comprehensive approach to the study of microresidues from Jurassic and Cretaceous samples are covered in the dissertation of O.A. Shevchuk “Stratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous of Ukraine on microfossils” 2021 and in other publications. The main groups that we have studied and that are important for stratigraphy are spores and pollen, megaspores and dinocysts, along with dispersed cuticles, tracheids, remnants of structured wood, green algae (prasinophytes and Botryococcus), fungi, insects, animal body parts, acritarchs, microforaminifera, microsclerites, scolecodonts, bacteria, sclerenchyma and pseudomicrofossils. We apply a comprehensive approach to the study of microfossils, which provides a broader understanding of the palaeogeographical conditions of the region of Ukraine in the Mesozoic. The effectiveness of complex palynological studies of marine and continental Mesozoic deposits of Ukraine for stratigraphic purposes is substantiated by their application to hydrogeology and hydrocarbon exploration.

The Koonwarra Fossil Fish Beds located in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia is renowned for the quality and quantity of the Early Cretaceous fossil plants, arthropods and fish recovered from this ancient lake deposit.

Palaeobotanical research in Ukraine has a history of more than one hundred and fifty years, which is calculated from the time of publication (1872) of the work of A.V. Gurov “Fossil organic remains of Donetsk coal deposits”. The research was conducted by scientists from Kyiv, Lviv, Luhansk, Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Artemivsk. The most numerous was the team of palaeobotanists of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, headed by the corresponding member E.O. Novik. The stratigraphy of carbonaceous deposits, patterns in the development of the coal flora, and issues of coal accumulation were the areas that were developed under her leadership by experts, such as O.I. Anisimova, T.A. Ishchenko, O.P. Fisunenko and O.K. Shchogolev. Mesozoic and Cenozoic floras were studied by E.E. Mihacheva, F.А. Stanislavsky, Yu.V. Teslenko, N.Ya. Shvaryova and others. The great work of the academician of the USSR, A.M. Kryshtofovych, is the book “Paleobotany”, which includes numerous discoveries of fossil plants from Ukrainian sections. A significant contribution to the development of palaeobotany in Ukraine, its theoretical foundations, and methodology was made by professors O.P. Fisunenko and O.K. Shchogolev. O.P. Fisunenko dealt with the theory and methodology of stratigraphy, analysis of the natural-philosophical problem of time in geology, in seeing the path of detailed development of stratigraphy through the Phanerozoic, taking into account the general laws of evolution of the biota and crust. O.K. Shchogolev initiated a new synthetic biological-geological-geographical scientific direction in palaeobotany–paleophytogeocenology. O.P. Gubskaya studied the plant communities of the Bashkirian and Moscovian (Carboniferous) stages of Donbas. A.A. Ishchenko studied the Silurian algae flora and the Kuksonia flora of Volyn-Podillya. F.A. Stanislavsky’s works on the Triassic leaf flora and middle Jurassic of the north-western outskirts of Donbas have received worldwide recognition. Yu.V. Teslenko studied the flora of the Jurassic and Cenozoic, developed the concept of phased development of the Earth’s vegetation depending on changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere. He established the vertical botanical and geographical zonation of the eastern regions of the Tethys and Paratethys in the Miocene and Pliocene. The Cenomanian flora near the town of Kaniv (Ukrainian Shield, Central Ukraine) was studied in 1939 by N.V. Pimenova. Later, M.P. Doludenko, E.I. Kostina and I.A. Shilkina attributed this flora to the late Albian. Also, notable are the achievements of Ukrainian paleobotanists L.T. Malyshko and S.O. Molchanov, who studied the Eocene, Oligocene and Neogene floras of the western territory of Ukraine. Today palaeobotanists of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are working actively. This team includes N.I. Boyarina, who studies the flora of the Palaeozoic and A.I. Martyshyn, who studies the Ediacaran biota. Also, V.P. Hrytsenko has made great achievements in the study of the Ediacarian algae of Podillya (southwestern Ukraine) from the National Science and Natural History Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Currently, the Paleontological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko National University, namely the Institute of Geology, has a collection of late Albian–Cenomanian plants from the outskirts of Kaniv. This collection is replenished and studied by teachers and students during their annual research internships in this region (Popova, Moroz, 2010). We have recently launched a comprehensive palaeobotanical and palynological research program in Ukraine. Thus, the Bathonian deposits of the north-western outskirts of Donbas (Shevchuk, Slater, Vajda, 2018), the upper Albian-Cenomanian deposits from central part of the Ukrainian Shield (Shevchuk, 2021) were studied.

Ukraine has a rich Proterozoic to Quaternary fossil record of photosynthetic microbes and plants. Particularly rich and scientifically important fossils of early multicellular organisms have been documented from the Ediacaran, early land plants from the Silurian–Devonian, coal-forming floras from the Carboniferous, typical post-extinction recovery vegetation and coal swamp forests from the Triassic and Jurassic, and well-preserved angiosperms and conifers from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. These fossil floras help elucidate the temporal changesin the vegetation at the junction of Europe, Asia and the Tethyan microcontinental terranes and highlight biogeographic linkages between various floral provinces through deep time. The rich and variably preserved floras offer great scope for further taxonomic, palaeoecological, palaeoclimatic and biogeographic research. Extensive fossil collections are stored in several major institutional repositories scattered across Ukraine. Some of these institutions have now been occupied by Russian forces, and others have been damaged and remain under threat, risking potential loss for future research. The impact of the war on Ukrainian museums and scientific collections has implications for how fossil specimens are stored and what procedures are enacted to preserve collections in other parts of the world in the event of war, civil disturbance, or natural disasters.

On May 13, 2022, the famous Ukrainian paleontologist, stratigrapher, doctor of geological sciences, associate professor, senior researcher of the department of stratigraphy and paleontology of Mesozoic sediments of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, member of the Mesozoic commission of the Stratigraphic Committee of Ukraine and the bureau of the National Stratigraphic Committee of Ukraine, Leonid Mykolayovych Yakushin, turned 60

Introduction. The European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference is held every 4 years. At meetings and seminars of the conference, a wide range of scientific problems related to taxonomy of ancient plants, morphology, nomenclature, as well as the latest results of paleobotanical and palynological research are represented, ways of using them for stratigraphic constructions, paleogeographic, including paleoclimatic reconstructions, and the study of archaeological monuments are discussed.Formulation of the problem. A necessary aspect of today’s scientific research in Ukraine is the integration of the research results of Ukrainian scientists into the world scientific space. An important component in the implementation of this direction is the active participation of scientists in international projects and the presentation of research results at international professional conferences. The presented publication is devoted to an overview of one of these forums.Formulation of the purpose of the article. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the latest directions of the modern stage of paleobotanical and palynological research of the world scientific community, which were represented at the 11th European paleobotanical – palynological conference, as well as the characteristics of the scientific results of Ukrainian scientists, which was presented at this forum.Presenting main material. The 11th European Conference on Paleobotany and Palynology was held in Stockholm on June 19-22, 2022. The conference was jointly organized by the Swedish Museum of Natural History and Stockholm University. The head of the organizing committee and event coordinator was Professor Vivi Vaida.The conference gathered more than 240 delegates from 44 countries of the world, which proves the authority of the conference and the exit of EPPC beyond Europe to the international level. More than 180 oral scientific presentations and about 70 poster presentations were presented during the plenary and sectional meetings.The organizers of the conference condemned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the support of the Ukrainian scientific community and the people of Ukraine was felt at all stages of the conference preparation.Main scientific directions of symposia work. Work during the conference took place in 35 scientific symposia of various topics, covering almost all modern aspects of paleobotany and palynology. The article provides a general description of the latest research that was discussed at the conference.Achievements of Ukrainian scientists represented at the conference. In total, scientists from Ukraine presented 2 oral reports – O. A. Shevchuk (The first Cretaceous megaspores from Ukraine) and D. O. Pustovoitova (History of palynological research of Mesozoic deposits in Ukraine) and 6 posters – O. A. Shevchuk (Paleobotanical research in Ukraine); O. A. Sirenko (Changes in the vegetation of Ukraine in the Gelasian time (by palynological data)); A. B. Ivanina, A. О. Myronova (Standardized characteristics of the Geminospora extensa Zone from the Givetian of western Ukraine); V. Р. Grytsenko and O. A. Shevchuk (On the collections of fossil plant and algae in the geological department of the National Museum of Natural History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); A. I. Martyshyn, O. A. Shevchuk (Taphonomy of tubular fossils (algae) from the deposits of the Late Ediacaran of Ukraine); N. I. Boyarina (The collection of the late Carboniferous plant fossils of the Donets Bassin in the Institute of Geological Sciences of NAS of Ukraine: general review). The scientific reports presented concerned various aspects of paleobotanical and palynological research: historical, taphonomic, stratigraphic, paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions, review of paleobotanical collections and problems of their storage in modern military conditions. The presented materials covered the results of the study of micro- and macro-plant remains from rocks of all subdivisions of the Phanerozoic (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic), as well as the Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran).Conclusions. At the conference, during the plenary and sectional meetings, considerable attention was paid to the results of research devoted to climate changes and their impact on the biota of high latitudes in the past, as well as reconstructions of the paleogeographic conditions of the formation of deposits of different ages, especially Holocene. Attention is focused on the need to develop new research methods, in particular 3D modeling of paleontological objects, popularization of paleobotany and palynology achievements, preservation of paleontological monuments, interaction of amateur paleontologists with professional paleontologists and scientific institutions and organizations

Introduction. The European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference is held every 4 years. At meetings and seminars of the conference, a wide range of scientific problems related to taxonomy of ancient plants, morphology, nomenclature, as well as the latest results of paleobotanical and palynological research are represented, ways of using them for stratigraphic constructions, paleogeographic, including paleoclimatic reconstructions, and the study of archaeological monuments are discussed.Formulation of the problem. A necessary aspect of today’s scientific research in Ukraine is the integration of the research results of Ukrainian scientists into the world scientific space. An important component in the implementation of this direction is the active participation of scientists in international projects and the presentation of research results at international professional conferences. The presented publication is devoted to an overview of one of these forums.Formulation of the purpose of the article. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the latest directions of the modern stage of paleobotanical and palynological research of the world scientific community, which were represented at the 11th European paleobotanical – palynological conference, as well as the characteristics of the scientific results of Ukrainian scientists, which was presented at this forum.Presenting main material. The 11th European Conference on Paleobotany and Palynology was held in Stockholm on June 19-22, 2022. The conference was jointly organized by the Swedish Museum of Natural History and Stockholm University. The head of the organizing committee and event coordinator was Professor Vivi Vaida.The conference gathered more than 240 delegates from 44 countries of the world, which proves the authority of the conference and the exit of EPPC beyond Europe to the international level. More than 180 oral scientific presentations and about 70 poster presentations were presented during the plenary and sectional meetings.The organizers of the conference condemned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the support of the Ukrainian scientific community and the people of Ukraine was felt at all stages of the conference preparation.Main scientific directions of symposia work. Work during the conference took place in 35 scientific symposia of various topics, covering almost all modern aspects of paleobotany and palynology. The article provides a general description of the latest research that was discussed at the conference.Achievements of Ukrainian scientists represented at the conference. In total, scientists from Ukraine presented 2 oral reports – O. A. Shevchuk (The first Cretaceous megaspores from Ukraine) and D. O. Pustovoitova (History of palynological research of Mesozoic deposits in Ukraine) and 6 posters – O. A. Shevchuk (Paleobotanical research in Ukraine); O. A. Sirenko (Changes in the vegetation of Ukraine in the Gelasian time (by palynological data)); A. B. Ivanina, A. О. Myronova (Standardized characteristics of the Geminospora extensa Zone from the Givetian of western Ukraine); V. Р. Grytsenko and O. A. Shevchuk (On the collections of fossil plant and algae in the geological department of the National Museum of Natural History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine); A. I. Martyshyn, O. A. Shevchuk (Taphonomy of tubular fossils (algae) from the deposits of the Late Ediacaran of Ukraine); N. I. Boyarina (The collection of the late Carboniferous plant fossils of the Donets Bassin in the Institute of Geological Sciences of NAS of Ukraine: general review). The scientific reports presented concerned various aspects of paleobotanical and palynological research: historical, taphonomic, stratigraphic, paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions, review of paleobotanical collections and problems of their storage in modern military conditions. The presented materials covered the results of the study of micro- and macro-plant remains from rocks of all subdivisions of the Phanerozoic (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic), as well as the Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran).Conclusions. At the conference, during the plenary and sectional meetings, considerable attention was paid to the results of research devoted to climate changes and their impact on the biota of high latitudes in the past, as well as reconstructions of the paleogeographic conditions of the formation of deposits of different ages, especially Holocene. Attention is focused on the need to develop new research methods, in particular 3D modeling of paleontological objects, popularization of paleobotany and palynology achievements, preservation of paleontological monuments, interaction of amateur paleontologists with professional paleontologists and scientific institutions and organizations

We document diverse and well-preserved dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from Cretaceous successions in the Kullemölla 1 drill core (640.0 m–590.0 m), Vomb Trough, southern Sweden. Palynology reveals a nearshore marine environment. Dinoflagellate index taxa indicate an Albian to Coniacian age, thus spanning the Early–Late Cretaceous boundary. The lower part of the core is Albian, based on the presence of the index dinocyst taxa Pareodinia and Callaiosphaeridium asymmetricum. The First Appearance Datum (FAD) of Oligosphaeridium prolixispinosum, together with the presence of Achomosphaera ramulifera, Heterosphaeridium difficile and Oligosphaeridium pulcherrimum, reveals a Cenomanian age for the interval 635– m–617 m. The Turonian interval is characterized by an increase in the dinocysts Chatangiella spectabilis and Florentinia spp., in combination with the FAD of Senoniasphaera rotundata, whereas the youngest samples are dated to the Coniacian as defined by the appearance of Glaphyrocysta sp. We show that Cenomanian and Turonian strata are indeed represented by a relatively condensed section between 635 m and 612 m in the Kullemölla 1 core showing that the apparent hiatus recorded by calcareous microfossils elsewhere is likely a result of post-depositional dissolution of calcareous tests and limestone, a process that did not affect the organic-walled plankton. This is further supported by the presence of hardgrounds and dissolution features. This updated, detailed biostratigraphical assessment based on dinoflagellates provides a framework for correlation with zonations based on other marine fossil groups, useful, for e.g., correlating aquifers in subsurface successions and, further, provides opportunities for linking marine and continental biotas.

Contains a brief outline of scientific, scientific and organizational activities, the main dates of life and a chronological list of the works of the famous Ukrainian geologist, laureate of the Prize named after PAS. Tutkovsky, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, professor M.M. Ivanika Highlights the contribution of Ukrainian geologists to the study of the Earth's interior. It is addressed to students, postgraduates, scientists and the general public of readers.

According to bio- and lithological methods, we have identified and stratified Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) deposits from well sections: № 29 and 31, which were drilled on the territory of the Zakhidno-Оktyabrska area of the Karkinitsko-North-Crimean though.Hauterivian deposits are found in the depth range 3131-3142 m (wells № 29 – Zakhidno-Оktyabrska), in the depth range 3218-3228 m (wells № 31 – Zakhidno-Оktyabrska) and Barremian deposits in the depth range 3105-3131 m (wells № 29 – Zakhidno-Оktyabrska) and in the depth range 3196-3218 m (wells № 31 – Zakhidno-Оktyabrska), which were previously dated to the Neocomian.We have supplemented the paleontological characteristics of dinocysts and spore-pollen complexes of the biozonal scheme of Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Plain Crimea, which is being developed in the Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mesozoic Sediments of the Institute of Geological Sciences of NAS of Ukraine within the budget theme “Biostratigraphy of Meso-Cenozoic deposits of oil and gas regions of Ukraine as a fundamental basic basis for the systematic support of geological works” 2022-2025. Based on the peculiarities of the lithological composition of the rocks and the palynological characteristics of the deposits of the Kalininska suite of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Crimean Plain, we suggest that the Mesozoic Commission of the NSC of Ukraine consider the issue of distinguishing within its scope two subsoils: the lower one, represented by gray, red-brown, fine-grained, clayey sandstones, sometimes with gravel, and the characterized the Hauterivian spore-pollen complex, and the upper one, represented by dark gray siltstones with layers of sandy or organogenic-detrital limestones, is characterized by the Barremian spore-pollen complex and dinocyst complex of the Odontochitina operculata zone, dated to the Barremian

Ukraine hosts extensive strata containing plant and algal fossils. Owing to their location on southern flank of Laurasia, Ukrainian fossiliferous deposits potentially play an important role, not only in local biostratigraphy, but also in understanding climate changes and biogeographic interchange between Europe, Africa, northern Asia, India and the Cimmerian terranes of the Mesozoic Tethys. However, much of the past work in Ukraine has been little recognized in western scientific literature, partly owing to language bariers and difficulties accessing provincial literature. Of particular note are past studies on the following fossil assemblages and regions: the Ediacaran biotas in the Dniester River area of western Ukraine; Silurian and Early Devonian plants and nematophytes from Podolia, western Ukraine; extensive Carboniferous floras associated with the coals of the Donbas region; the little-studied early Permian flora from the western Donets Basin; the rich but relatively little-known Triassic flora on the Donets Basin; Middle Jurassic palynofloras from the Dnieper–Donets Basin; Early Cretaceous megaspores and other sporomorphs from southern Ukraine; late Albian leaf and wood floras from the Kaniv area, central Ukraine; Late Cretaceous floras from western Ukraine and adjacent areas of Poland; Miocene–Pliocene macro- and palynofloras from shallow deposits of the Ukrainian Plain that are helping to build palaeoclimatic and marine incursion models for the Central and the Eastern Paratethys region; late Pliocene permineralized woods from Transcarpathian region in southwestern Ukraine; and extensive Quaternary palynofloras for studies of forest-steppe fluctuation over the past 2 million years.Ukraine has 21 major herbaria (78 in total) with >116 staff and about 4.8 million specimens. As of May, 2022, many of these are in conflict zones directly impacted by the Russian invasion. Of note, the CWU herbarium at Karazin University in Kharkiv has been damaged and the contents require urgent protection. Ukraine also hosts major palaeontological collections that are now threatened: particularly, the National Science and Natural History Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, and the National Museum of Natural History, Lviv. Staff at many of Ukraine’s museums have been busy hiding art and collections in basements, returning loans, loaning material abroad for safekeeping, and reopening the museums as bomb shelters. To support Ukrainian science and culture, funding was provided by the Swedish Royal Academy, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Strategic Fund and Collegium Palynologicum Scandinavicum for four Ukrainian palynologists to attend the 11th EPPC, and for several others to submit poster presentations. We welcome our Ukrainian colleagues to the conference.