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  • 51. Madurell-Malapeira, Joan
    et al.
    Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio
    Aouraghe, Hassan
    Haddoumi, Hamid
    Lucenti, Saverio Bartolini
    Oujaa, Aïcha
    Saladié, Palmira
    Bengamra, Said
    Marín, Juan
    Souhir, Mohamed
    Farkouch, Mourad
    Mhamdi, Hicham
    Aissa, Al Mahdi
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Chacón, M. Gema
    Sala-Ramos, Robert
    First small-sized Dinofelis: Evidence from the Plio-Pleistocene of North Africa2021In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 265, article id 107028Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe small-sized specimens of the metailurine felid Dinofelis from a new Plio-Pleistocene site in North Africa. Dinofelis is a genus of saber-toothed cats mainly recorded from East and South Africa with numerous leopard to jaguar-sized species. The described specimens, clearly smaller than all the other African Dinofelis, resemble isolated remains from the Late Pliocene of France and the Early Pleistocene of Africa. Present evidence suggests that our form represents a new species and/or new lineage of Dinofelis, smaller and probably occupying a different ecological niche compared to the previously known members of the genus, and thus it adds complexity to the high intraspecific competition among large carnivorans in the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa.

  • 52. Manthi, Fredrick Kyalo
    et al.
    Brown, Francis H.
    Plavcan, Michael J.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Gigantic lion, Panthera leo, from the Pleistocene of Natodomeri, eastern Africa2017In: Journal of Paleontology, ISSN 0022-3360, E-ISSN 1937-2337Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The partial skull of a lion from Natodomeri, northwest Kenya is described. The Natodomeri sites are correlated with Member I of the Kibish Formation, dated to between 195 ka and ca. 205 ka. The skull is remarkable for its very great size, equivalent to the largest cave lions (Panthera spelaea  [Goldfuss, 1810]) of Pleistocene Eurasia and much larger than any previously known lion from Africa, living or fossil. We hypothesize that this individual represents a previously unknown population or subspecies of lion present in the late Middle and Late Pleistocene of eastern Africa rather than being an indication of climate-driven size increase in lions of that time. This raises questions regarding the extent of our understanding of the pattern and causes of lion evolution in the Late Pleistocene.

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  • 53. McDonald, H. Gregory
    et al.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    The sabertooth cat, Smilodon populator (Carnivora: Felidae), from Cueva de Milodón, Chile2018In: Smilodon: The Iconic Sabertooth / [ed] Werdelin, L., McDonald, H.G., Shaw, C.A., Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 54. Meachen, Julie
    et al.
    Dunn, Rachel
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Carnivoran postcranial adaptations and their relationships to climate2015In: EcographyArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 55. Nadachowski, A.
    et al.
    Werdelin, LarsSwedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Neogene and Quaternary mammals of the Palaearctic: Conference in honour of professor Kazimierz Kowalski1996Collection (editor) (Refereed)
  • 56. Perez-Claros, J.
    et al.
    Coca-Ortega, C.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    How many hyenas in North America? A quantitative perspective2021In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, article id e1979988Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 57. Peters, C. R.
    et al.
    Blumenschine, R. J.
    Hay, R. L.
    Livingstone, D. A.
    Marean, C.
    Harrison, T.
    Armour-Chelu, M.
    Andrews, P.
    Bernor, R. L.
    Bonnefille, R.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Paleoecology of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem2008In: Serengeti III: Human impacts on ecosystem dynamics / [ed] Sinclair, A. R. E., Packer, C., Mduma, S. A. R. & Fryxell, J.M., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008, p. 47-94Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 58. Pleijel, F.
    et al.
    Sundberg, P.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Computer parsimony programs: a comment on a paper by Lorenzen and Sieg1992In: Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, Vol. 30, p. 234-238Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 59. Pujos, F.
    et al.
    De Iuliis, G.
    Argot, C.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implications for sloth history2007In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, ISSN 0024-4082, E-ISSN 1096-3642, Vol. 149, p. 179-235Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Xenarthra, particularly the Tardigrada, are with the Notoungulata and Marsupialia among the most diversified South American mammals. Lujanian South American Land Mammal Age localities from the coastal Piedra Escrita site and Andean Casa del Diablo Cave, Peru, have yielded three specimens of the Megalonychidae Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. This singular fossil sloth exhibits a peculiar mosaic of cranial and postcranial characters. Some are considered convergent with those of other sloths (e.g. 5/4 quadrangular teeth, characteristic of Megatheriidae), whereas others clearly indicate climbing capabilities distinct from the suspensory mode of extant sloths. The arboreal mode of life of D. nordenskioldi is suggested by considerable mobility of the elbow, hip, and ankle joints, a posteriorly convex ulna with an olecranon shorter than in fossorial taxa, a radial notch that faces more anteriorly than in other fossil sloths and forms an obtuse angle with the coronoid process (which increases the range of pronation– supination), a proximodistally compressed scaphoid, and a wide range of digital flexion. D. nordenskioldi underscores the great adaptability of Tardigrada: an arboreally adapted form is now added to the already known terrestrial, subarboreal, and aquatic (marine and freshwater) fossil sloths. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Tardigrada confirmed the monophyly of Megatherioidea, Nothrotheriidae, Megatheriidae, and Megalonychidae, in which Diabolotherium is strongly nested.

  • 60. Raia, Pasquale
    et al.
    Carotenuto, F.
    Passaro, F.
    Piras, P.
    Fulgione, D.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Saarinen, J.
    Fortelius, Mikael
    Helsingfors Universitet.
    Rapid action in the Palaeogene. The relationship between phenotypic and taxonomic diversification in Cenozoic mammals2012In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A classic question in evolutionary biology concerns the tempo and mode of lineage evolution. Considered variously in relation to resource utilization, intrinsic constraints or hierarchic level, the question of how evolutionary change occurs in general has continued to draw the attention of the field for over a century and a half. Here we use the largest species-level phylogeny of Coenozoic fossil mammals (1031 species) ever assembled and their body size estimates, to show that body size and taxonomic diversification rates declined from the origin of placentals towards the present, and very probably correlate to each other. These findings suggest that morphological and taxic diversifications of mammals occurred hierarchically, with major shifts in body size coinciding with the birth of large clades, followed by taxonomic diversification within these newly formed clades. As the clades expanded, rates of taxonomic diversification proceeded independently of phenotypic evolution. Such a dynamic is consistent with the idea, central to the Modern Synthesis, that mammals radiated adaptively, with the filling of adaptive zones following the radiation.

  • 61. Ramsköld, L.
    et al.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites1991In: Cladistics, ISSN 0748-3007, E-ISSN 1096-0031, Vol. 7, p. 29-74Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 62. Reed, Kaye E.
    et al.
    Kuykendall, Kevin L.
    Herries, Andy I.R.
    Hopley, Philip J.
    Sponheimer, Matt
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Geology, Fauna, and Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions of the Makapansgat Limeworks Australopithecus africanus-Bearing Paleo-Cave2022In: African Palaeoecology and Human Evolution / [ed] Reynolds, S.C. & Bobe, R., Cham: Springer Nature, 2022, p. 66-81Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Makapansgat Valley is located in Limpopo Province, South Africa (Figure 7.1), and is the northernmost of the South African australopithecine fossil sites. Hominin fossils were first recovered there in 1947, but the history and significance of the valley dates to the nineteenth century. The name of the site and valley derives from the Historic, or Gwasa, Cave at the head of the valley, which was the location of a siege in 1854 (Naidoo, 1987; Esterhuysen et al., 2008) on local Ndebele tribespeople by a Boer Commando in retaliation for two massacres – themselves retaliation for raids for ivory and slave labor by the Boer on Ndebele villages. The chief was Mokopane, and the cave became known as “Makapan’s Cave” or -gat in Afrikaans.

  • 63.
    Rowan, John
    et al.
    Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States.
    Lazagabaster, Ignacio A.
    Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.
    Campisano, Christopher J.
    Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States.
    Bibi, Faysal
    Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.
    Bobe, René
    Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution, Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique;Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
    Boisserie, Jean-Renaud
    Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France;Centre Français des Etudes Ethiopiennes (CNRS and Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Ambassade de France, Ethiopia), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Frost, Stephen R.
    Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States.
    Getachew, Tomas
    Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France;Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Gilbert, Christopher C.
    Department of Anthropology, City University of New York, Hunter College, New York, United States;New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, United States.
    Lewis, Margaret E.
    Biology Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey, United States.
    Melaku, Sahleselasie
    Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Paleoanthropology and Paleoenvironment Program, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Scott, Eric
    Cogstone Resource Management Inc, Orange, California, United States;Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, United States.
    Souron, Antoine
    PACEA, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Kimbel, William H.
    Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States.
    Reed, Kaye E.
    Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States.
    Early Pleistocene large mammals from Maka’amitalu, Hadar, lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia2022In: PeerJ, E-ISSN 2167-8359, Vol. 10, p. e13210-e13210, article id e13210Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Early Pleistocene was a critical time period in the evolution of eastern African

    mammal faunas, but fossil assemblages sampling this interval are poorly known from

    Ethiopia’s Afar Depression. Field work by the Hadar Research Project in the

    Busidima Formation exposures (~2.7–0.8 Ma) of Hadar in the lower Awash Valley,

    resulted in the recovery of an early Homo maxilla (A.L. 666-1) with associated stone

    tools and fauna from the Maka’amitalu basin in the 1990s. These assemblages are

    dated to ~2.35 Ma by the Bouroukie Tuff 3 (BKT-3). Continued work by the Hadar

    Research Project over the last two decades has greatly expanded the faunal collection.

    Here, we provide a comprehensive account of the Maka’amitalu large mammals

    (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Primates, and Proboscidea) and discuss

    their paleoecological and biochronological significance. The size of the Maka’amitalu 

    assemblage is small compared to those from the Hadar Formation (3.45–2.95 Ma)

    and Ledi-Geraru (2.8–2.6 Ma) but includes at least 20 taxa. Bovids, suids, and

    Theropithecus are common in terms of both species richness and abundance, whereas

    carnivorans, equids, and megaherbivores are rare. While the taxonomic composition

    of the Maka’amitalu fauna indicates significant species turnover from the Hadar

    Formation and Ledi-Geraru deposits, turnover seems to have occurred at a constant

    rate through time as taxonomic dissimilarity between adjacent fossil assemblages is

    strongly predicted by their age difference. A similar pattern characterizes functional

    ecological turnover, with only subtle changes in dietary proportions, body size

    proportions, and bovid abundances across the composite lower Awash sequence.

    Biochronological comparisons with other sites in eastern Africa suggest that the taxa

    recovered from the Maka’amitalu are broadly consistent with the reported age of the

    BKT-3 tuff. Considering the age of BKT-3 and biochronology, a range of 2.4–1.9 Ma

    is most likely for the faunal assemblage.

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  • 64. Sardella, Raffaele
    et al.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Amphimachairodus (Felidae, Mammalia) from Sahabi (latest Miocene - earliest Pliocene, Libya), with a review of African Miocene Machairodontinae2007In: Rivista italiana di paleontologia e stratigrafia, ISSN 0035-6883, E-ISSN 2039-4942, Vol. 113, p. 67-77Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe and illustrate a partial skull and mandible of a large sabertooth cat from Sahabi, Libya, and refer it to Amphimachairodus aff. A. kabir. A review shows the Miocene Machairodontinae from Africa to be a heterogeneous assemblage, with both small and large forms spanning the entire Late Miocene. The Sahabi form belongs to the group of larger sized taxa, along with A. kabir from Chad and some previously undescribed specimens from the Wembere-Manonga Formation, Tanzania. Both the Sahabi and Chad specimens have relatively slender lower carnassials, similarly to Homotherium, though derived features of the skull and mandible suggest that they are not in the direct ancestry of that genus.

  • 65. Schmitz, B.
    et al.
    Åberg, G.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Forey, P.
    Bendix-Almgreen, S.-E.
    87Sr/86Sr, Na, F, Sr, and La in skeletal fish debris as a measure of the paleosalinity of fossil-fish habitats1991In: Geological Society of America Bulletin, ISSN 0016-7606, E-ISSN 1943-2674, Vol. 103, p. 786-794Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 66. Sheng, G.-L.
    et al.
    Soubrier, J.
    Liu, J.-Y.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Llamas, B.
    Thomson, V. A.
    Tuke, J.
    Wu, L.-W.
    Chen, Q.-L.
    Lai, X.-L.
    Cooper, A.
    Pleistocene cave hyenas and the recent Eurasian history of the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta2013In: Molecular Ecology, Vol. 23, p. 522-533Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 67. Solounias, Nikos
    et al.
    McGraw, W. S.
    Hayek, L.-A. C.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    The paleodiet of Giraffidae2000In: Antelopes, Deer, and Relatives: Fossil Record, Behavioral Ecology, Systematics, and Conservation / [ed] Vrba, E. S. & Schaller, G. B., New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000, p. 84-95Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 68. Strömberg, C. A. E.
    et al.
    Friis, Else Marie
    Liang, M.-M.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Zhang, Y.-U.
    Palaeoecology of a Middle Miocene lake in China: preliminary interpretations based on phytoliths from the Shanwang Basin2007In: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, Vol. 45, p. 145-160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lacustrine Early to Middle Miocene Shanwang Formation contains an exceptionally well preserved biota including insects, plants, and vertebrates that has been subject to intense study. Palaeoecological work on plant macrofossils and palynofloras indicate that the locality represents a forest under a humid, warm-temperate to subtropical climate that remained rather stable during the deposition of the formation. This interpretation is supported by fossil vertebrates such as bats and tapirs discovered in the Shanwang section. However, to date no information has been available on the presence, abundance, and taxonomic composition of grasses at this locality. Here, we report on phytoliths extracted from six samples from the Shanwang Formation, providing new evidence of the vegetation that grew around the lake. The phytolith assemblages contain well-preserved and abundant grass phytoliths, forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous plants, and infrequent palm phytoliths. The grass phytoliths consist of forms produced by C,IC4 PACCAD grasses and pooids, with a minor component of morphotypes thought to derive from closed-habitat grasses. Our preliminary interpretation of these phytolith assemblages is that they reflect a lake-side wooded habitat and abundant helophytic to mesophytic grasses, with drier areas supporting pooid (and PACCAD) grasses. The data support the reconstruction of the Miocene Shanwang region as more humid and equable than presently. The Shanwang phytolith assemblages contrast with Miocene lacustrine phytolith assemblages from Turkey and the Great Plains of North America, which indicate grass communities characterized by diverse C3 pooids and different types of PACCAD grasses. Future research will determine whether this variability reflects large-scale biogeographic differences in grass communities or local, microclimate-related variation.

  • 69. Strömberg, C. A. E.
    et al.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Friis, Else Marie
    Saraç, G.
    The spread of grass-dominated habitats in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Cainozoic: phytolith evidence2007In: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, ISSN 0031-0182, E-ISSN 1872-616X, Vol. 250, p. 18-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The arrival of hipparionine horses in the eastern Mediterranean region around 11 Ma was traditionally thought to mark the simultaneous westward expansion of savanna vegetation across Eurasia. However, recent paleoecological reconstructions based on tooth wear, carbon isotopes, and functional morphology indicate that grasses played a minor role in Late Miocene ecosystems of the eastern Mediterranean, which were more likely dry woodlands or forests. The scarcity of grass macrofossils and pollen in Miocene floras of Europe and Asia Minor has been used to support this interpretation. Based on the combined evidence, it has therefore been suggested that Late Miocene ungulate faunal change in the eastern Mediterranean signals increased aridity and landscape openness, but not necessarily the development of grass-dominated habitats. To shed newlight on the Miocene evolution of eastern Mediterranean ecosystems, we used phytolith assemblages preserved in direct association with faunas as a proxy for paleovegetation structure (grassland vs. forest).We extracted phytoliths and other biogenic silica fromsediment samples fromwell-known Early to Late Miocene (∼20–7Ma) faunal localities in Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In addition, a Middle Eocene sample from Turkey yielded phytoliths and served as a baseline comparison for vegetation inference. Phytolith analysis showed that the Middle Eocene assemblage consists of abundant grass phytoliths (grass silica short cells) interpreted as deriving from bambusoid grasses, as well as diverse forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous angiosperms and palms, pointing to the presence of a woodland or forest with abundant bamboos. In contrast, the Miocene assemblages are dominated by diverse silica short cells typical of pooid open-habitat grasses. Forest indicator phytoliths are also present, but are rare in the Late Miocene (9–7 Ma) assemblages. Our analysis of the Miocene grass community composition is consistent with evidence from stable carbon isotopes from paleosols and ungulate tooth enamel, showing that C4 grasses were rare in the Mediterranean throughout the Miocene. These data indicate that relatively open habitats had become common in Turkey and surrounding areas by at least the Early Miocene (∼20 Ma), N7 million years before hipparionine horses reached Europe and arid conditions ensued, as judged by faunal data.

  • 70. Terhune, C.E.
    et al.
    Curran, S.
    Croitor, R.
    Drăgușin, V.
    Petculescu, A.
    Robinson, C.
    Robu, M.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Early Pleistocene fauna of the Olteţ River Valley of Romania: Biochronological and biogeographic implications2020In: Quaternary International, ISSN 1040-6182, E-ISSN 1873-4553, Vol. 553, no 14-33Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 71. Tseng, Z. Jack
    et al.
    Zazula, Grant
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    First Fossils of Hyenas (Chasmaporthetes, Hyaenidae, Carnivora) from North of the Arctic Circle2019In: Open Quaternary, Vol. 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     The northern region of Beringia is ecologically and biogeographically significant as a corridor for biotic dispersals between the Old and New Worlds. Large mammalian predators from Beringia are exceedingly rare in the fossil record, even though carnivore diversity in the past was much higher than it is in this region at present. Here we report the first fossils of cursorial hyenas, Chasmaporthetes, in Beringia and north of the Arctic Circle. Two isolated teeth recovered in the Old Crow Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada, were identified amongst over 50,000 known fossil mammal specimens recovered from over a century of collecting in the Old Crow Basin. These rare records fill an important intermediary locale in the more than 10,000 km geographic distance between previously known New and Old World records of this lineage. The Pleistocene age of these fossils, together with its Arctic Circle occurrence, necessitate a rethinking of the role of large-bodied hunter-scavengers in Ice Age megafaunas in North America, and the implications of lacking an important energy flow modifier in present day North American food webs.

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  • 72. Turner, Alan
    et al.
    Antón, Mauricio
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Taxonomy and evolutionary patterns in the fossil Hyaenidae of Europe2008In: Geobios, ISSN 0016-6995, E-ISSN 1777-5728, Vol. 41, p. 677-687Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We review the larger pattern of appearance of the Hyaenidae in Europe and outline their part in the turnover of the guild of larger Carnivora that occurs across the Miocene–Pliocene boundary. The earliest record of the family is in MN4, although the patchy nature of the earliest records makes it difficult to be certain about the continent of origin. There is a clear pattern of morphological evolution over that long timespan, from the earliest viverrid- and herpestid-like forms through dog-like and more cursorial taxa to the larger, bone-crunching animals of the later Miocene and the Pliocene–Pleistocene epochs. Miocene dog-like hyaenas may indicate that social hunting had emerged by that time, while the appearance of larger species means that hyaena-accumulated bone assemblages may potentially occur in any late Miocene to Pleistocene locality.

  • 73. Villavicencio, Natalia
    et al.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    The Casa del Diablo cave (Puno, Peru) and the late Pleistocene demise of megafauna in the Andean Altiplano2018In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 195, p. 21-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the Late Quaternary Extinction event South America lost ~83% of all its late Pleistocene megafaunal genera. As in other regions of the world, the debate about the possible drivers behind these extinctions revolves around the role of humans arriving into the continent and on the effect of the climatic changes characteristic of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The availability of precise chronological information, in order to estimate the timing of extinction of the different taxa affected, is critical for solving such debate. Here we present an updated study of the late Pleistocene mammalian deposits from Casa del Diablo Cave (CdD) in the Altiplano of Peru. The study includes an updated list of the mammalian faunas found in the cave and 11 taxon-specific XAD radiocarbon dates from extinct and extant megafauna bones.We compare this new chronology to the timing of major environmental changes and human arrival in the area, as well as with other megafaunal discoveries from the high Andes. The radiocarbon dates from CdD fall in the time window between 23 and 12.8 cal kyr BP. Compared to other records of extinct megafauna in the high Andes, the one from CdD presents in general younger occurrences. No temporal overlap between humans and extinct megafauna emerges from comparing first dates of appearance of humans in the Altiplano, and last appearance dates of extinct megafauna from CdD. However, the possibility of temporal overlap among the records becomes evident when we compare confidence intervals calculated to estimate true times of human arrival and megafaunal local extinctions.

  • 74. Vinuesa, Victor
    et al.
    Madurell-Malapeira, Joan
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Robles, Josep M.
    Obradó, Paul
    Alba, David M.
    A New Skull of Hyaenictis Gaudry, 1861 (Carnivora, Hyaenidae) Shows Incipient Adaptations to Durophagy2016In: Journal of mammalian evolution, ISSN 1064-7554, E-ISSN 1573-7055Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 75. Viranta, Suvi
    et al.
    Atickem, Anagaw
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Stenseth, Nils Christian
    Rediscovering a forgotten canid species2017In: BMC Zoology, ISSN 2056-3132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The African wolf, for which we herein recognise Canis lupaster Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832 (Symbolae Physicae quae ex Itinere Africam Borealem er Asoam Occidentalem Decas Secunda. Berlin, 1833) as the valid species name (we consider the older name Canis anthus Cuvier, 1820 [Le Chacal de Sénégal, Femelle. In: Geoffroy St.-Hilaire E, Cuvier F, editors. Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères Paris, A. Belin, 1820] a nomen dubium), is a medium-sized canid with wolf-like characters. Because of phenotypic similarity, specimens of African wolf have long been assigned to golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 [Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata, 1758]).

    Results

    Here we provide, through rigorous morphological analysis, a species description for this taxonomically overlooked species. Through molecular sequencing we assess its distribution in Africa, which remains uncertain due to confusion regarding possible co-occurrence with the Eurasian golden jackal. Canis lupasterdiffers from all other Canis spp. including the golden jackal in its cranial morphology, while phylogenetically it shows close affinity to the Holarctic grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 [Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata, 1758]). All sequences generated during this study clustered with African wolf specimens, consistent with previous data for the species.

    Conclusions

    We suggest that the estimated current geographic range of golden jackal in Africa represents the African wolf range. Further research is needed in eastern Egypt, where a hybrid zone between Eurasian golden jackal and African wolf may exist. Our results highlight the need for improved studies of geographic range and population surveys for the taxon, which is classified as ‘least concern’ by the IUCN due to its erroneous identification as golden jackal. As a species exclusively distributed in Africa, investigations of the biology and threats to African wolf are needed.

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  • 76. Viranta, Suvi
    et al.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Carnivora from the Sinap Formation, Turkey2003In: The Miocene Sinap Formation, Turkey / [ed] Fortelius, M., Kappelman, J. Bernor, R.L. & Sen, S., New York: Columbia University Press, 2003, p. 178-193Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 77.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    A new chimaeroid fish from the Cretaceous of Lebanon1986In: Geobios, ISSN 0016-6995, E-ISSN 1777-5728, Vol. 19, p. 393-397Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 78.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    A new genus and species of Felidae (Mammalia) from Rusinga Island, Kenya, with notes on early Felidae of Africa2011In: Estudios Geologicos, ISSN 0367-0449, E-ISSN 1988-3250, Vol. 67, p. 217-222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lower Miocene (Burdigalian) deposits of the Hiwegi Fm., Rusinga Island, Kenya, have yielded a single specimen of a small felid. This specimen, here identified as the holotype of a new genus and species, is of the size of the smallest living Felidae. It shows some features of primitive, “Pseudaelurus-grade” cats, but also features of both morphology and metrics that are intermediate between this grade and modern Felidae, suggesting a transitional taxon. This is in contrast with Diamantofelis and Namafelis from Namibia, which, though aberrant, are more clearly of “Pseudaelurus-grade”. The Rusinga specimen is the most derived felid specimen of the lower Miocene.

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  • 79.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    African Barbourofelinae (Mammalia, Nimravidae): A critical review2021In: Historical Biology, ISSN 0891-2963, E-ISSN 1029-2381Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The fossil record of Afrosmilini (Nimravidae, Barbourofelinae) in Africa is reviewed. New material from the middle Miocene of Maboko leads to reassessment of the taxonomic allocations of some specimens and reconsideration of the afrosmilin status of others. Afrosmilini includes Jinomrefu lakwanza, Ginsburgsmilus napakensis, Afrosmilus africanus, A. turkanae, and A. hispanicus (Kenya, Uganda, Namibia, and Spain). Other Nimravidae in Africa, Syrtosmilus syrtensis (Libya), Vampyrictis vipera (Tunisia), and unnamed species from Fort Ternan and the Samburu Hills (Kenya) are here not considered Afrosmilini. There is a complete turnover of African Nimravidae between 14.7 Ma (Maboko) and 13.7 Ma (Fort Ternan) and evidence suggests that the new taxa were immigrants from Eurasia. This turnover coincides with the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition although the causal relationship is not yet clarified. 

  • 80.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Bibymalagasia (Mammalia Incertae sedis)2010In: Cenozoic Mammals of Africa / [ed] Werdelin, L. & Sanders, W. J., Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010, p. 113-114Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 81.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Biogeographic relationships of African carnivoran faunas 7-1.2 Ma.2008In: Comptes rendus. Palevol, ISSN 1631-0683, E-ISSN 1777-571X, Vol. 7, p. 645-656Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study analyses the carnivore component of African fossil faunas from three time slices: 7–5 Ma, 4–3 Ma, and 2.5–1.2 Ma, using cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCO) of presence/absence data on genera. The faunas mostly cluster by time slice, with the exception of Laetoli (Tanzania) and Ahl al Oughlam (Morocco), which differ from all other faunas. The separation during the Late Miocene of a Chado–Libyan bioprovince from the remainder of Africa is supported. No such distinctions are present in the other time slices. Taxonomic distance is not generally correlated with geographic distance, though if Langebaanweg is removed from the 7–5 Ma time slice, the correlation at that time is significant. Comparison of these paleontological results with phylogeographic studies of modern species leads to some general comments on the analytic power of the fossil record with regard to interregional migrations.

  • 82.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Carnivoran ecomorphology: a phylogenetic perspective1996In: Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution (Vol. II) / [ed] Gittleman, J. L., Cornell: Cornell University Press, 1996, p. 582-624Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 83.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Carnivores, exclusive of Hyaenidae, of the later Miocene of Europe and Western Asia1996In: The Evolution of Western Eurasian Miocene Mammal Faunas / [ed] Bernor, R.L., Fahlbusch, V. & Mittmann, H.-W., New York: Columbia University Press, 1996, p. 271-289Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 84.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Carnivores from the Kanapoi hominid site, Turkana Basin, northern Kenya2003In: Contributions in Science, Vol. 498, p. 115-132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Kanapoi is the earliest Pliocene site yet described in eastern Africa with a substantial carnivoran record. It includes eight species in as many genera, representing five families. The material is dominated by the hyaenid Parahyaena howelli n. sp., but also includes a new Enhydriodon  species, E. ekecaman, the lutrine cf. Torolutra sp., the felids Dinofelis petteri, Homotherium sp., and Felis sp., the herpestid Helogale sp., and the viverrid Genetta n. sp. The Kanapoi Carnivora includes the remains of the first post- Miocene radiation of endemic African Carnivora.

  • 85.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Chronology of Neogene mammal localities2010In: Cenozoic Mammals of Africa / [ed] Werdelin, L. & Sanders, W. J., Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010, p. 27-43Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 86.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Circumventing a constraint: the case of Thylacoleo (Marsupialia: Thylacoleonidae)1989In: Australian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 36, p. 565-571Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 87.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Community-wide character displacement in the lower carnassials of Late Miocene hyenas1996In: Lethaia: an international journal of palaeontology and stratigraphy, ISSN 0024-1164, E-ISSN 1502-3931, Vol. 29, p. 97-106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies have found regularities in the pattern of distribution of dental parameters such as canine or carnassial length among sympatric carnivores. These regularities are taken to be indicative of community-wide character displacement. This study documents similar pattern in late Miocene and earliest Pliocene hyaenids from several localities in Eurasia and Africa. Statistical tests show ratios of lower carnassial total lengths and blade lengths between species to be suggestively equal among sympatric late Miocene hyaenas. Other measurements do not show this regular pattern. This finding mirrors that regarding modern canids in the Middle East, suggesting that a process leading to community-wide character displacement was in effect among these hyaenid taxa. Their response to this pattern suggests that they occupied a similarecological role to modern canids. The causal basis for such a process is unknown but is suggested to lie in direct interspecific competition between carnivores rather than being a response to regularly spaced features of the environment.

  • 88.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Comparison of skull shape in marsupial and placental carnivores1986In: Australian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 34, p. 109-118Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 89.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Constraint and adaptation in the bone-cracking canid Osteoborus (Mammalia: Canidae)1989In: Paleobiology, ISSN 0094-8373, E-ISSN 1938-5331, Vol. 15, p. 387-401Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 90.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Correspondence analysis and the analysis of skull shape and structure1988In: Ossa, Vol. 13, p. 181-189Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 91.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    History of classification of the Felidae1996In: The Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan / [ed] Nowell, K. & Jackson, P., Gland: IUCN , 1996, p. 18-23Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 92.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Jaw geometry and molar morphology in marsupial carnivores: analysis of a constraint and its macroevolutionary consequences1987In: Paleobiology, ISSN 0094-8373, E-ISSN 1938-5331, Vol. 13, p. 342-350Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 93.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    King of beasts2013In: Scientific American, no 11, p. 34-39Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 94.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Middle Miocene Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from Fort Ternan, western Kenya2019In: Geodiversitas, ISSN 1280-9659, E-ISSN 1638-9395, Vol. 41, no 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fort Ternan is a middle Miocene (c. 13.7-13.8 Ma) site famous for its fossils of Kenyapithecus wickeri Leakey, 1962, considered the earliest African hominoid. Herein, the Carnivora and Hyaenodonta from this site are described and placed in their temporal context, showing the middle Miocene to be a time of transition from archaic carnivores of the early Miocene and carnivores of more modern aspect from the late Miocene. Fort Ternan includes: Amphicyonidae represented by ?Myacyon peignei n. sp., a new form distinguished by its hypercarnivorous m1, P4 with large protocone shelf, and M1 with reduced lingual shelf; Barbourofelidae, represented by a derived form; Percrocutidae, represented by abundant material of Percrocuta tobieni Crusafont & Aguirre, 1971; Viverridae, represented by the paradoxurines Kanuites lewisae Dehghani & Werdelin, 2008, and cf. Orangictis Morales & Pickford, 2005, and a putative viverrine; and Hyaenodonta represented by the teratodontine Dissopsalis pyroclasticus Savage, 1965 and a very large hyainailourine. This assemblage is a melange of forms harkening back to the early Miocene (the Hyaenodonta and Amphicyonidae), an evolving, still extant lineage (Viverridae), and more typical late Miocene forms (derived Barbourofelidae and Percrocutidae).

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  • 95.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Mio-Pliocene Carnivora from Lothagam, Kenya2003In: Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa / [ed] Leakey, M. G. & Harris, J. M., New York: Columbia University Press, 2003, p. 261-328Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 96.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Morphological patterns in the skulls of cats1983In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, ISSN 0024-4066, E-ISSN 1095-8312, Vol. 19, p. 375-391Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 97.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Människans evolution2016In: Fauna och flora : populär tidskrift för biologi, ISSN 0014-8903, Vol. 111, p. 2-10Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 98.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Pachycrocuta (hyaenids) from the Pliocene of east Africa1999In: Paläontologisches Zeitschrift, Vol. 73, p. 157-165-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hyaenas belonging to the genus Pachycrocuta were the largest hyaenas known. They had a wide distribution in the Plio-Pleistocene, having been found throughout Eurasia and in South Africa. The genus has been reported several times from east Africa, but these finds have been poorly documented. I here describe newly identified specimens of Pachycrocuta from the Turkana Basin, Kenya. It is concluded that although there are certain differences between east and South African specimens, these are of a nature that can be explained by individual variation, and therefore all African specimens are assigned to the Eurasian species Pachycrocuta brevirostris. The migration patterns of the species are discussed and although these are still equivocal, I speculate that the species originated in Asia and migrated from there to Africa ca. 3.5 Ma and to Europe ca. 1.6 Ma.

  • 99.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Phylogenies, fossils and evolutionary studies1993In: Quaternary International, ISSN 1040-6182, E-ISSN 1873-4553, Vol. 19, p. 109-116Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 100.
    Werdelin, Lars
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology.
    Pleistocene vertebrates from Tarija, Bolivia in the collections of the Swedish Museum of Natural History1992In: Fosiles y Facies de Bolivia - Vol. I / [ed] Suarez Soruco, R., YPFB , 1992, p. 673-684Chapter in book (Refereed)
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