Lichens are remarkable and classic examples of symbiotic organisms that have fascinated scientists for centuries. Yet, it has only beenfor a couple of decades that significant advances have focused on the diversity of their green algal and/or cyanobacterial photobionts.Cyanolichens, which contain cyanobacteria as their photosynthetic partner, include up to 10% of all known lichens and, as such, studieson their cyanobionts are much rarer compared to their green algal counterparts. For the unicellular cyanobionts, i.e. cyanobacteriathat do not form filaments, these studies are even scarcer. Nonetheless, these currently include at least 10 different genera in thecosmopolitan lichen order Lichinales. An international consortium (International Network of CyanoBionts; INCb) will tackle this lackof knowledge. In this article, we discuss the status of current unicellular cyanobiont research, compare the taxonomic resolution ofphotobionts from cyanolichens with those of green algal lichens (chlorolichens), and give a roadmap of research on how to reconditionthe underestimated fraction of symbiotic unicellular cyanobacteria in lichens.