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The fate of an old Mn–Fe amphibole species: Description of clino-ferro-suenoite, □Mn2Fe2+5Si8O22(Oh)2
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2109-2277
Università degli Studi di Milano.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7768-0946
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology.
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5390-0577
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2025 (English)In: European journal of mineralogy, ISSN 0935-1221, E-ISSN 1617-4011, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 221-231Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Abstract. Clino-ferro-suenoite, with the ideal formula □Mn2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2, previously named “dannemorite” or “manganogrunerite”, is formally recognized as a monoclinic member of the amphibole supergroup (IMA-CNMMC 2024-032). It occurs in iron-manganese skarn from the Hilläng mines, Dalarna, Sweden, associated with fayalite, spessartine, ferro-actinolite, calcite, magnetite and pyrite. It formed by partial replacement of manganoan fayalite during retrograde metamorphism. Individual crystals, up to 0.5 mm in length, are subhedral with a pale greenish yellow colour. The mineral is non-pleochroic and optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.670(5), β = 1.690(5), γ = 1.705(5); orientation Y || b, Z ⋀ c = 14(1)°. Cleavage parallel {110} and {010} is perfect and good, respectively. The Mohs hardness is about 6 and the mean Vickers hardness number was established as 872. The calculated density value is 3.46(1) g·cm-3. The crystal-chemical formula of clino-ferro-suenoite is AB(Mn2+0.95Fe2+0.88Ca0.15Na0.01)Σ1.99 C(Fe2+3.57Mg1.38 Mn2+0.03Zn0.01Al0.01)Σ5.00 TSi8.00O22 W[(OH)1.99F0.01]Σ2.00, based on microprobe analyses, spectroscopic data (Mössbauer, infra-red, Raman) and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Infra-red bands originating from O-H vibration modes appear at 3608, 3620, 3638, 3653 and 3668 cm-1, with the first and last one having weak intensities. The seven strongest reflections in the X-ray powder pattern [d values (in Å), Irel, (hkl)] are: 8.33, 100, (110); 3.278, 21, (240); 3.084, 72, (310); 2.784, 18, (330); 2.512, 19, (20-2); 1.526, 16, (0.12.0); 1.412, 19, (66-1). Unit-cell parameters obtained from single-crystal diffraction data (MoKα) are a = 9.59840(10), b = 18.3179(2), c = 5.33450(10) Å, β = 102.1630(10)° and V = 916.87(2) Å3 for Z = 2. Refinement of the crystal structure in the space group C2/m yielded R = 2.25% for 1379 reflections with Io > 2σ(I). Mg ions show preference for the octahedrally coordinated C sites in the order M(2) > M(1) > M(3).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. Vol. 37, no 2, p. 221-231
Keywords [en]
manganese-iron amphibole, clino-ferro-suenoite, dannemorite, mineral nomenclature, crystal structure, skarn, Hilläng, Sweden
National Category
Geology
Research subject
The changing Earth
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-6086DOI: 10.5194/ejm-37-221-2025OAI: oai:DiVA.org:nrm-6086DiVA, id: diva2:2016341
Available from: 2025-11-25 Created: 2025-11-25 Last updated: 2025-11-27Bibliographically approved

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Holtstam, DanCámara, FernandoSkogby, HenrikKarlsson, AndreasDe Leo, Alessandro
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